Table 4. Odds ratios for different outcomes (within 2 weeks after ECMO treatment) in patients with and without IABP implantation before (left) and after propensity adjustment (right).
| OR (95% C.I.) IABP plus ECMO vs. ECMO | P | OR (95% C.I.) IABP plus ECMO vs. ECMO | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ALL (N = 529) | ||||
| LVEF (>35 vs. ≦35%) | 0.730 (0.473–1.126) | 0.154 | 0.872 (0.526–1.447) | 0.597 |
| CVP (>15 vs. ≦15, cmH2O) | 0.775 (0.457–1.313) | 0.343 | 0.964 (0.531–1.749) | 0.904 |
| MOF | 1.360 (0.810–2.282) | 0.212 | 1.251 (0.716–2.188) | 0.432 |
| Vascular complications | 1.008 (0.666–1.525) | 0.955 | 1.018 (0.644–1.610) | 0.939 |
| Mortality | 1.362 (0.801–2.314) | 0.254 | 1.407 (0.760–2.604) | 0.277 |
| ACS (N = 236) | ||||
| LVEF (>35 vs. ≦35%) | 0.726 (0.330–1.597) | 0.426 | 0.696 (0.302–1.603) | 0.394 |
| CVP (>15 vs. ≦15, cmH2O) | 0.800 (0.249–2.568) | 0.708 | 0.825 (0.204–3.328) | 0.825 |
| MOF | 1.674 (0.630–4.445) | 0.301 | 1.642 (0.613–4.396) | 0.324 |
| Vascular complications | 0.812 (0.396–1.664) | 0.570 | 0.883 (0.413–1.887) | 0.748 |
| Mortality | 1.630 (0.575–4.622) | 0.358 | 1.686 (0.585–4.859) | 0.333 |
| Cardiomyopathy (N = 111) | ||||
| LVEF (>35 vs. ≦35%) | 0.577 (0.160–2.085) | 0.402 | 0.555 (0.147–2.102) | 0.386 |
| CVP (>15 vs. ≦15, cmH2O) | 0.843 (0.289–2.462) | 0.755 | 1.022 (0.350–2.983) | 0.968 |
| MOF | 0.969 (0.314–2.991) | 0.956 | 1.212 (0.394–3.732) | 0.738 |
| Vascular complications | 0.895 (0.340–2.352) | 0.821 | 0.978 (0.346–2.761) | 0.966 |
| Mortality | 1.023 (0.298–3.513) | 0.971 | 1.131 (0.294–4.351) | 0.858 |
| Post-cardiotomy (N = 114) | ||||
| LVEF (>35 vs. ≦35%) | 0.342 (0.102–1.147) | 0.082 | 0.428 (0.100–1.836) | 0.254 |
| CVP (>15 vs. ≦15, cmH2O) | 0.522 (0.131–2.078) | 0.356 | 0.747 (0.150–3.720) | 0.722 |
| MOF | 2.738 (0.914–8.206) | 0.072 | 1.774 (0.539–5.835) | 0.346 |
| Vascular complications | 1.206 (0.491–2.961) | 0.683 | 1.158 (0.425–3.159) | 0.774 |
| Mortality | 8.398 (1.916–36.805) | 0.005 | 9.848 (1.523–63.672) | 0.016 |
| Myocarditis (N = 68) | ||||
| LVEF (>35 vs. ≦35%) | 0.407 (0.087–1.900) | 0.253 | 0.873 (0.226–3.377) | 0.844 |
| CVP (>15 vs. ≦15, cmH2O) | 5.004 (1.086–23.060) | 0.039 | 3.424 (0.813–14.417) | 0.093 |
| MOF | 3.179 (0.494–20.471) | 0.224 | 3.895 (0.745–20.353) | 0.107 |
| Vascular complications | 1.239 (0.285–5.378) | 0.775 | 1.301 (0.316–5.360) | 0.716 |
| Mortality | 3.059 (0.548–17.072) | 0.202 | 3.654 (0.743–17.981) | 0.111 |
Abbreviations: ECMO, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IABP, intra-aortic balloon counter-pulsation; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; CVP, central venous pressure; MOF, multi-organ failure. Model adjusted for age, gender, pre-existing cardiovascular diseases, cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (yes or no), peri-ECMO operation (yes or no) and severity index (APACHEII, SOFA, LODS).