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. 2016 Apr 1;6:23760. doi: 10.1038/srep23760

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Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

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Bubble dynamics at heat flux I on (a) 150–500 μm and heat flux II on (b) 200–500 μm and (c) 300–500 μm. As the printed dot size becomes larger, the size of nucleated bubble increases (scale bar = 1 cm). Optical images of boiling bubble dynamics at elevated heat flux. (d) Gigantic single bubble column dynamic evolution of 150–500 μm surfaceat heat flux III. Multiple bubble column formation at (e) 200–500 μm and (f) 300–500 μm configuration. Analysis of bubble release frequency upon (g) different dot sizes and (h) different pitch sizes.