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. 2016 Apr 1;6:23760. doi: 10.1038/srep23760

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Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Optical images of (a)Printing patterns (200–750 μm and 1,000–750 μm) of single controlled site surface. (b) Single bubble nucleation with different sizes on two single sites at heat flux I (scale bar = 1 cm). (c), Scheme to control single bubble site, stabilized by a four dot hydrophobic polymer dot array and dense ZnO nanowire matrix. (d) OSU-patterned bubble nucleation arrays (scale bar = 1 cm). Videos of bubble nucleation, growth and departure are provided in the supplementary material.