The principle pathways of early and advanced glycation (monosaccharide autoxidation/oxidative glycosylation, Namiki pathway, and glycoxidation).
Arg, protein arginyl residue; 3-DG, 3-deoxyglycosone; Lys, protein lysyl residue; MG-H3, 2-amino-5-(2-amino-4-hydro-4-methyl-5-imidazolon-1-yl) pentanoic acid; R-NH2, side chain or N-terminal group in protein; R1/R2 is H/H for GO; H/CH3 for MGO; and H/C4H9O3 for 3-deoxyglycosone; Glarg, glyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone.