Table 1.

A description of the five CDS interventions to promote mindfulness of geriatric pain.

CDS Interventions	Description
1a. Pain Assessment Alert (Interruptive)	When a clinician enters the chart of a patient who reports a pain score of 10, a standard EHR CDS alert (Epic’s BPA) prompts use of a specialized geriatric pain order set or reassessment/adjustment of patient’s pain score
1b. Pain Re-Assessment Alert (Non-interruptive)	The clinician sees a standard EHR CDS alert when an elevated pain score has not been reassessed for a clinically significant amount of time. Clinician is prompted to make use of the customized analgesia order set, or reassess/adjust the pain score.
2. Pain “Keycept”	While documenting in an HPI template, the clinician is prompted to address any pain or reassess/adjust the patient’s pain score.
3. One-click Pain Score Update	Adjusting the patient’s pain score, normally a multi-step process hidden under other activity headers, is facilitated by a button that remains visible among other common activities in the patent’s chart. NB: This intervention was added in Round 2.
4. Customized Analgesia Order Set for Older Adults	The clinician can view and order appropriate doses of common pain medications, based on Beers criteria and tenants of acute geriatric pain care.
5. Discharge Pain Prompt	When a clinician attempts to print discharge papers on a patient with an elevated pain score, a modal window (hard stop) appears, prompting analgesia or re-assessment of the pain score. The papers will not print until the pain score improves or meds are ordered.