Table 1.
Main characteristics of the study trees.
| Pine species | Defoliation class (code) | No. trees | Defoliation (%) | Dbh, diameter at 1.3 m (cm) | Height (m) | Crown height (m) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) | Severe defoliation (D) | 10 | 84.0 ± 1.9c | 16.1 ± 0.2 | 6.2 ± 0.5 | 1.9 ± 0.7 |
| Intermediate defoliation (I) | 10 | 40.0 ± 2.7b | 15.7 ± 1.5 | 6.5 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.6 | |
| Scarce or no defoliation (N) | 10 | 11.0 ± 1.9a | 16.8 ± 0.9 | 7.1 ± 0.5 | 2.5 ± 0.5 | |
| Black pine (Pinus nigra) | Severe defoliation (D) | 10 | 85.0 ± 3.5c | 14.4 ± 1.0 | 6.7 ± 0.7 | 1.9 ± 0.6 |
| Intermediate defoliation (I) | 10 | 50.0 ± 3.5b | 15.6 ± 0.8 | 7.2 ± 0.5 | 2.3 ± 0.8 | |
| Scarce or no defoliation (N) | 10 | 12.0 ± 2.0a | 16.9 ± 0.5 | 7.4 ± 0.4 | 1.8 ± 0.4 |
Values are means ± SE. Different letters show significant differences (P < 0.05) between defoliation classes within each species according to S-N-K post-hoc tests.