Figure 2. . The effect of graft incubation time and cell seeding dose on tissue-engineered vascular graft stenosis.

There was no significant difference in the critical stenosis rate for the grafts that were incubated for either 0 or 12 h. However, both showed a significantly lower critical stenosis rate in comparison to the unseeded control group ([A] ****p < 0.0001). Increasing the dose of cells seeded onto the scaffold decreases the incidence of tissue engineered vascular graft stenosis. The incidence of critical stenosis rate was significantly lower in both 1 × 10⁶ and 10 × 10⁶ seeded groups in comparison to unseeded control or 0.1 × 10⁶ seeded groups ([B] ****p < 0.0001).