Figure 1.

Meta-analysis forest plots of observational associations between BMI and periodontitis. Model ‘Observational’: unadjusted logistic regression model of periodontitis and standardized BMI; ‘Observational adjusted’: adjusted for age, sex, smoking, educational status, oral hygiene behaviours, frequency of visits to dentist and dental clinic; ‘Never Smoked Non-Diabetics adjusted’: model ‘Observational adjusted’ in subsample of never smoked non-diabetic individuals. (A) Meta-analysis forest plot including all studies in the analysis; (B) meta-analysis forest plot including studies with periodontitis assessed during clinical examinations by trained dental personnel; (C) meta-analysis forest plot including studies with self-reported periodontal health data. The ORs are for 1 standard deviation unit increase in BMI.