Figure 2.

Evolutionary transitions in symbiotic syndromes in Pyrrhocoroidea, and abundance of core microbial taxa. (a) Schematic phylogeny of Pyrrhocoridae and Largidae genera (adapted from Figure 1b). Pyrrhocoridae taxa with core microbiota are given in black, those taxa without the core microbiota are in dark gray, and the Largidae with crypt-associated symbionts are in light gray. Reconstructed evolutionary transitions in symbiotic syndromes are indicated on the phylogeny. Numbers of validly described extant species are given behind each genus name (from Hussey, 1929). (b) Abundance of the four core symbiont taxa (Coriobacterium glomerans, Gordonibacter sp., Clostridium sp. and Klebsiella sp.) across multiple specimens of the nine different genera of Pyrrhocoridae (Dysdercus (n=37), Dermatinus (n=2), Scanthius (n=5), Pyrrhocoris (n=7), unknown Pyrrhocoridae (n=6), Cenaeus (n=5), Dindymus (n=6), Antilochus (n=7) and Probergrothius (n=23)) and two genera of Largidae (Physopelta (n=4) and Largidae (n=1)). Abundance was assessed as 16S rRNA gene copy numbers using qPCR, based on one to six replicate individuals per host species, which were then combined on the genus level. Lines represent medians, boxes comprise the 25–75 percentiles and whiskers denote the range.