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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Genet. 2008 Mar 9;40(4):403–410. doi: 10.1038/ng.105

Figure 5.

Figure 5

IFT88 is sequestered in aln-mutant primary cilia. (a) Immunofluorescence analysis of THM1 (green) and acetylated α-tubulin (red) in polarized IMCD cells and in nodal cilia of E8.0 embryos. THM1 colocalizes with acetylated α-tubulin in the cilial axoneme and is expressed in a punctate pattern from the base to the tip of the cilium. (b) Immunostaining for IFT88 (green) and acetylated α-tubulin (red) on cultured primary limb cells showed much more intense staining of IFT88 at the distal ends of aln-mutant cilia relative to wild type. Identical exposure times were used to image wild-type and aln-mutant cells. In aln mutants, IFT88 is visualized adjacent to, but not overlapping with, γ-tubulin, which stains the base of cilia (data not shown). Axonemes stained by acetylated α-tubulin also appeared shorter in aln mutants than in wild type. (c) Scanning electron microscopy analysis of wild-type and aln-mutant limb ectodermal primary cilia revealed bulb-like structures at the distal tips of aln-mutant cilia. Scale bar represents 1 μm.