Production and purification of single-stranded and self-complementary recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV) serotypes 1–6, 8, and 9 using optimized production and purification conditions. (a) Silver stain image of single-stranded serotypes 1–6, 8, and 9 postpurification. (b) Southern blot of alkaline agarose gel of self-complementary rAAV1–6, 8, and 9. (c) Negative stain transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of rAAV serotype 1 (left image), serotype 2 (middle image), and empty rAAV2 capsids (right image). TEM images were also taken of serotypes 3–6, 8, and 9 (images not shown). Empty particles (indicated by arrows) can be distinguished based on the electron dense center within the particle.