Table 1.

Common causes of neonatal respiratory distress

Preterm pathology	Term pathology	Congenital anomalies/surgical conditions	Non-respiratory causes of respiratory distress
Respiratory distress syndrome Pneumothorax Pneumonia Pulmonary haemorrhage Aspiration Pleural effusion (chylothorax) Chronic lung disease	Transient tachypnoea of the newborn Respiratory distress syndrome Meconium aspiration Primary or secondary persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn Pneumonia Pneumothorax Aspiration Pleural effusion (chylothorax) Pulmonary haemorrhage Surfactant protein deficiency syndromes Alveolar capillary dysplasia	Congenital pulmonary airway malformation Congenital diaphragmatic hernia Tracheo-oesphageal fistula Choanal atresia Pulmonary sequestration Congenital lobar emphysema	Heart failure (due to congenital heart disease) Neuromuscular disorders Hypoxic ischaemic encephalopathy Metabolic acidosis (due to inborn error of metabolism)