Table 4.
Multivariable analyses of factors associated with postdischarge mortality among ICU survivors
| Characteristics | Hazard ratio (95 % CI) |
|---|---|
| Sex | |
| Men | Reference |
| Women | 0.91 (0.90–0.92) |
| Age group, years | |
| 18–24 | Reference |
| 25–34 | 1.57 (1.42-1.73) |
| 35–44 | 2.48 (2.27–2.71) |
| 45–54 | 3.62 (3.32–3.94) |
| 55–64 | 4.99 (4.59–5.43) |
| 65–74 | 7.39 (6.79–8.04) |
| 75–84 | 11.30 (10.39–12.29) |
| ≥85 | 18.08 (16.60–19.68) |
| Mechanical ventilation | |
| None | Reference |
| Yes | 0.88 (0.87–0.89) |
| Tracheostomy | |
| None | Reference |
| Yes | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) |
| Percutaneous feeding tube | |
| None | Reference |
| Yes | 1.32 (1.28–1.35) |
| Cumulative ICU days | |
| 0 to <3 days | Reference |
| 3 to <5 days | 1.04 (1.03–1.05) |
| 5 to <7 days | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) |
| 7 to <14 days | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) |
| 14 to <60 days | 1.00 (0.97–1.02) |
| 60 to <120 days | 1.00 (0.91–1.09) |
| ≥120 days | 1.20 (1.01–1.42) |
| Most responsible diagnosisa | |
| Myocardial infarction | Reference |
| Trauma | 1.10 (1.07–1.13) |
| Cancer/neoplasm | 1.47 (1.44–1.51) |
| Pneumonia and other infections | 1.62 (1.58–1.67) |
| COPD | 2.13 (2.07–2.20) |
| Congestive heart failure | 1.72 (1.67–1.77) |
| Presence of comorbiditiesa | |
| Myocardial infarction | 0.91 (0.90–0.93) |
| Congestive heart failure | 0.64 (0.63–0.65) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 0.77 (0.75–0.78) |
| Dementia | 0.64 (0.63–0.66) |
| COPD | 0.70 (0.69–0.71) |
| Moderate/severe liver disease | 0.37 (0.36–0.39) |
| Discharge disposition | |
| Home and other | Reference |
| Acute care/other facility | 1.43 (1.40–1.47) |
| Home with services | 1.30 (1.29–1.32) |
| Long-term care | 1.83 (1.80–1.86) |
| Area | |
| Urban | Reference |
| Rural | 1.00 (0.98–1.01) |
| Income quintile | |
| Quintile 1 (lowest) | 1.14 (1.12–1.16) |
| Quintile 2 | 1.08 (1.06–1.10) |
| Quintile 3 | 1.07 (1.05–1.09) |
| Quintile 4 | 1.04 (1.03–1.06) |
| Quintile 5 (highest) | Reference |
CI confidence interval, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ICU intensive care unit
aA full list of the most responsible diagnoses and comorbidities is provided in Additional file 1: Table S3