Table 1.
Results from mixed models with chi squares (χ2) values for significance tests of estimated parameters for inbreeding and food treatment
| Response variable | N | Predictor | Estimate | SE | χ2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length at birth [ln(mm)] | 1221 | Intercept | 0.869 | 0.002 | 47498.302 | <0.001 |
| Inbreeding (inbred) | 3.52 × 10-4 | 2.64 × 10-3 | 0.046 | 0.892 | ||
| Growth day 0 – day 7 (ln[mm]/day) | OM: 234 IM: 241 OF: 233 IF: 200 |
Intercept | 0.057 | 5.2 × 10-4 | 11701.432 | <0.001 |
| Inbreeding (outbred) | 6.2 × 10-4 | 4.0 × 10-4 | 2.355 | 0.125 | ||
| Sex (male) | -5.9 × 10-4 | 2.5 × 10-4 | 5.456 | 0.020 | ||
| Inbreeding × Sex | 3.1 × 10-4 | 2.5 × 10-4 | 1.510 | 0.220 | ||
| Growth day 7 – day 28 (ln[mm]/day) | OM: 234 | Intercept | 1.4 × 10-2 | 1.15 × 10-4 | 16580.458 | <0.001 |
| IM: 241 | ||||||
| OF: 233 | ||||||
| IF: 200 | ||||||
| Inbreeding (outbred) | 7.6 × 10-5 | 9.6 × 10-5 | 0.616 | 0.432 | ||
| Diet (control) | 1.1 × 10-2 | 8.1 × 10-5 | 21098.343 | <0.001 | ||
| Sex (male) | -2.4 × 10-4 | 8.2 × 10-5 | 8.684 | 0.003 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet | -8.7 × 10-5 | 8.1 × 10-5 | 1.156 | 0.282 | ||
| Diet × Sex | -4.0 × 10-4 | 8.3 × 10-5 | 23.766 | <0.001 | ||
| Inbreeding × Sex | -5.5 × 10-5 | 8.3 × 10-5 | 0.447 | 0.503 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet × Sex | 8.9 × 10-5 | 8.3 × 10-5 | 1.143 | 0.284 | ||
| Growth day 28 – day 49 (ln[mm]/day) | OM: 234 | Intercept | 1.3 × 10-2 | 2.2 × 10-4 | 3666.595 | <0.001 |
| IM: 241 | ||||||
| OF: 233 | ||||||
| IF: 200 | ||||||
| Inbreeding (outbred) | 7.2 × 10-5 | 1.7 × 10-4 | 0.177 | 0.673 | ||
| Diet (control) | -7.6 × 10-3 | 9.1 × 10-5 | 6939.440 | <0.001 | ||
| Sex (male) | -3.8 × 10-4 | 9.6 × 10-5 | 16.263 | <0.001 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet | 2.8 × 10-5 | 9.1 × 10-5 | 0.097 | 0.756 | ||
| Diet × Sex | 1.8 × 10-4 | 9.6 × 10-5 | 3.510 | 0.061 | ||
| Inbreeding × Sex | -4.6 × 10-5 | 9.6 × 10-5 | 0.229 | 0.632 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet × Sex | -6.9 × 10-5 | 9.6 × 10-5 | 0.514 | 0.474 | ||
| Initial compensatory growth—Growth control diet (7-28) vs low food diet (28-49) (ln[mm]/day) | OM: 234 | Intercept | 2.4 × 10-2 | 1.8 × 10-4 | 16803.581 | <0.001 |
| IM: 241 | ||||||
| OF: 233 | ||||||
| IF: 200 | ||||||
| Inbreeding (outbred) | 1.3 × 10-5 | 1.4 × 10-4 | 0.009 | 0.9262 | ||
| Diet (control) | 2.5 × 10-3 | 1.0 × 10-4 | 600.251 | <0.001 | ||
| Sex (male) | -5.4 × 10-4 | 1.0 × 10-4 | 26.422 | <0.001 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet | -8.9 × 10-6 | 1.0 × 10-4 | 0.008 | 0.9305 | ||
| Diet × Sex | -3.7 × 10-5 | 1.0 × 10-4 | 0.126 | 0.7227 | ||
| Inbreeding × Sex | 6.4 × 10-5 | 1.0 × 10-4 | 0.368 | 0.544 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet × Sex | 1.7 × 10-5 | 1.0 × 10-4 | 0.028 | 0.868 | ||
| Overall compensatory growth—Growth from 7 (control diet) or 28 (low food diet) to sexual maturity (ln[mm]/day) | OM: 233 | Intercept | 0.041 | 0.001 | 1542.2322 | <0.001 |
| IM: 241 | ||||||
| OF: 233 | ||||||
| IF: 198 | ||||||
| Inbreeding (outbred) | 8.9 × 10-4 | 6.2 × 10-4 | 2.036 | 0.154 | ||
| Diet (control) | -1.6 × 10-4 | 5.3 × 10-4 | 0.087 | 0.768 | ||
| Sex (male) | -1.5 × 10-4 | 5.4 × 10-4 | 0.074 | 0.786 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet | -3.1 × 10-4 | 5.3 × 10-4 | 0.346 | 0.556 | ||
| Diet × Sex | 2.7 × 10-4 | 5.5 × 10-4 | 0.248 | 0.619 | ||
| Inbreeding × Sex | 5.6 × 10-4 | 5.5 × 10-4 | 1.066 | 0.302 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet × Sex | 3.4 × 10-4 | 5.5 × 10-4 | 0.524 | 0.469 | ||
| Catch-up growth—Length at maturity [ln(mm)] | OM: 233 | Intercept | 1.364 | 1.8 × 10-3 | 5.3 × 10-5 | <0.001 |
| IM: 241 | ||||||
| OF: 233 | ||||||
| IF: 199 | ||||||
| Inbreeding (outbred) | -1.0 × 10-3 | 1.4 × 10-3 | 0.484 | 0.487 | ||
| Diet (control) | 5.7 × 10-3 | 1.2 × 10-3 | 21.57 | <0.001 | ||
| Sex (male) | -2.1 × 10-3 | 1.2 × 10-3 | 2.94 | 0.086 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet | -4.2 × 10-5 | 1.2 × 10-3 | 1.2 × 10-3 | 0.972 | ||
| Diet × Sex | -2.8 × 10-3 | 1.2 × 10-3 | 5.019 | 0.025 | ||
| Inbreeding × Sex | 5.5 × 10-5 | 1.2 × 10-3 | 2.0 × 10-3 | 0.964 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet × Sex | 8.5 × 10-4 | 1.2 × 10-3 | 0.460 | 0.498 | ||
| Catch-up growth—Age at sexual maturity [ln(days)] | OM: 233 | Intercept | 4.501 | 0.023 | 39313.078 | <0.001 |
| IM: 241 | ||||||
| OF: 233 | ||||||
| IF: 199 | ||||||
| Inbreeding (outbred) | -0.016 | 0.016 | 1.014 | 0.314 | ||
| Diet (control) | -0.131 | 0.013 | 107.673 | <0.001 | ||
| Sex (male) | -0.031 | 0.012 | 5.723 | 0.017 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet | 0.013 | 0.012 | 1.001 | 0.317 | ||
| Diet × Sex | 0.009 | 0.013 | 0.477 | 0.489 | ||
| Inbreeding × Sex | 0.018 | 0.013 | 1.979 | 0.159 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet × Sex | 0.005 | 0.013 | 0.154 | 0.694 | ||
| Survival from day of birth to maturity | Intercept | 20.217 | 177.037 | 0.013 | 0.909 | |
| Inbreeding (outbred) | 0.064 | 175.037 | 0 | 0.999 | ||
| Diet (control) | -0.023 | 192.792 | 0 | 0.999 | ||
| Sex (male) | -0.052 | 180.058 | 0 | 0.999 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet | 5.144 | 177.420 | 8 × 10-4 | 0.977 | ||
| Diet × Sex | 5.172 | 177.257 | 9 × 10-4 | 0.977 | ||
| Inbreeding × Sex | -5.234 | 177.075 | 9 × 10-4 | 0.976 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet × Sex | -0.027 | 178.041 | 0 | 0.999 | ||
| Offspring sex ratio (proportion male) | Intercept | -0.096 | 0.067 | 2.058 | 0.151 | |
| Inbreeding (outbred) | 0.091 | 0.067 | 1.882 | 0.170 | ||
| Diet (control) | -0.032 | 0.067 | 0.238 | 0.626 | ||
| Inbreeding × Diet | 0.037 | 0.067 | 0.303 | 0.582 |
Numbers in bold indicate significant values. OM outbred males, IM inbred males, OF outbred females, IF inbred females. N varied in the analysis due to individuals not being measured at adulthood or died