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. 2016 Mar 2;3(4):288–294. doi: 10.1002/acn3.282

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Antioxidants ameliorate G2019S‐induced neuronal pathologies. (A) Effect of G2019S on viability of human neuronal cells as percent absorbance of untransfected control. *Significant decrease from control at P < 0.05. (B) Effect of antioxidants on the viability of G2019S‐expressing neurons. Chart shows percent increase in viability as absorbance of antioxidant‐treated corrected for and normalized to vehicle‐treated control value. *,**Significant increase from control at P < 0.05 and <0.01. (C) Dose–response curves of Formazan density in G2019S‐expressing SKN‐SH cells pretreated with vehicle or increasing amounts of antioxidant. (D) Effect of antioxidants on oxidative state in G2019S brain lysates as relative fluorescence normalized to staple diet‐fed control. **Significant at P < 0.01 by one‐way ANOVA with Tukey's multiple comparisons. (E) Number of DA neurons as mean count per cluster (n = 4; cohort of 20) in antioxidant or staple diet‐fed G2019S control flies. Confocal images of whole‐mount brains 60 days after eclosion with magnified views of PPM3 cluster (boxed). Note that the legend applies to succeeding figures (F and G). (F) Climbing scores as percent of mean score normalized to surviving population (n = 4, cohort of 60). (G) Percentage of surviving flies. (n = 4 cohort of 60). *,**Significant increase from control at P < 0.05 and <0.01. ANOVA, analysis of variance; DA, dopamine; PPM, protocerebral posterior medial.