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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 3.
Published in final edited form as: J Am Geriatr Soc. 2014 Aug 14;62(9):1699–1706. doi: 10.1111/jgs.12984

Table 2.

Multivariable Regression Results Describing the Relationship Between ZIP Code–Level Characteristics and Number of Emergency Department (ED) Visits by Those Aged 65 and Older per 100 Adult Residents Aged 65 and Older in North Carolina in 2010

ZIP Code-Level Characteristic Ordinary Least Squares Regression Multivariable Spatial Error Regression Multivariable Spatial Lag Regression
Coefficient P-Value Coefficient P-Value Coefficient P-Value
Primary care providers per 100 older adults −1.20   .33 −1.46   .21 −1.18   .33
Medicare hospitalizations per 100 older adults   1.16 <.001   1.19 <.001   1.15 <.001
Nursing home beds per 100 older adults   0.73 <.001   0.83 <.001   0.76 <.001
Percentage white of aged ≥65 −4.42   .19 −3.52   .40   0.50   .88
Percentage with a college degree of aged ≥25   2.08   .82   2.32   .82   8.63   .34
Population density (per square mile) −1.6 × 10−3   .08 −7.7 × 10−4   .41 −1.1 × 10−3   .22
Distance to closest ED, miles −0.52 <.001 −0.49   .002 −0.44   .002
Spatial regression parameter   –  –   0.49 <.001   0.19 <.001
R2 for modela   0.651   0.713   0.670
a

Value reported as adjusted coefficient of determination (R2) for ordinary least squares regression and as pseudo R2 for multivariable spatial error and spatial lag regressions.