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Design of a genetically encoded optogenetic Bax. A Bax mutant (black) is appended to the light-responsive Cry2 (light blue). In the absence of light, the Bax construct remains cytoplasmic. Upon illumination at 488 nm, Cry2 associates with mitochondria-bound Cib (blue), furnishing a high effective Bax concentration, promoting Bax oligomerization, mitochondrial pore transition, Smac1 release, caspase 3 fragment formation, and eventual cell death.
