Table 1.

Baseline and disease characteristics of the study cohort.

Infant Characteristics	Number
Subjects	102
Birth weight (average, g)	1405 ± 403
Gestational age (average, weeks)	30.2 ± 2.7
Gender, M:F	58:44
Apgar score at 5 min (average)	7.56 ± 1.82
Multiple gestation
Total	38
Twins	32
Triplets	6
PhysiScore (average)	0.236 ± 0.315
Placenta weight (average)	309.7 ± 83.3
Placenta weight: birth weight ratio (average)	0.23 ± 0.08

Maternal Characteristics	Number

Maternal age (years)	32.6 ± 6.3
Gravida (average)	2.8 ± 1.8
Para (average)	0.9 ± 1.2
Pre-eclampsia, HELLP	24
Preterm premature rupture of membranes	36
Spontaneous preterm labor	56
Induction of labor	10
Clinical placental abruption	10
Cesarean section mode of delivery	76

Infant Morbidities	Number

Respiratory distress syndrome	79
Pneumothorax	8
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia, total	20
NOS^a	2
Mild	8
Moderate	4
Severe	6
Acute hemodynamic instability^b	16
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP)^b, total	15
Stage I	6
Stage II	6
Stage III	3
Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH)^c, total	21
Grade 1	11
Grade 2	5
Grade 3	2
Grade 4	3
Post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus	5
Culture-positive Sepsis	6
Necrotizing enterocolitis, total	6
Stage 1	2
Stage 2	2
Stage 3	2
No disease	19
Died	1

Infants with oxygen requirement at 28 days for whom oxygen requirement was not known at 36 weeks after menstrual age; NOS, not otherwise specified

Acute hemodynamic instability is characterized by hypotension requiring ≥3 days of pressor support or adrenal insufficiency requiring hydrocortisone.

ROP is counted by the most severe stage in either eye during the hospitalization

IVH is counted by the most severe grade in either cerebral hemisphere by Papile classification