Table 2.

Premature Infant Morbidities Pair-Wise Correlated with Placental Histology

Placental Histology	Total	RDSa	Pneumothorax	BPDb	AHIc	ROPd	IVHe	PHHf	Culture+Sepsis	NECg
Total Number (percent of total)	102	79 (77.5%)	8 (7.8%)	10 (9.8%)	16 (15.7%)	9 (8.8%)	5 (4.9%)	5 (4.9%)	6 (5.9%)	6 (5.9%)
Gestational age in weeks (mean)	30.2	29.5*	27.0*	26.4*	26.4*	25.6*	29.2	26.7*	25.3*	26.0*
PhysiScore (mean)	0.236	0.291*	0.718*	0.770*	0.726*	0.853*	0.364	0.597*	0.909*	0.724*
Placenta weight:birth weight ratio (mean)	0.23	0.24	0.31*	0.33*	0.32*	0.33*	0.24	0.31*	0.29	0.37*
Amniotic Fluid Infection Sequence	22/102 (21.6%)	26.6%*	37.5%	40.0%	37.5%	44.4% t	40.0%	40.0%	66.7%*	50.0%
Fetal inflammatory response	21/102 (20.6%)	25.3%*	37.5%	30.0%	37.5% t	44.4% t	40.0%	40.0%	50.0%*	50.0%
Umbilical Arteritis	20/101 (19.8%)	24.1% t	37.5%	30.0%	37.5% t	44.4% t	40.0%	40.0%	50.0% t	50.0% t
≥2 Chorionic plate vessels with vasculitis	16/99 (16.2%)	20.5%*	25.0%	20.0%	31.3%	33.3%	40.0%	40.0%	50.0% t	33.3%
Maternal inflammatory response	18/102 (17.6%)	21.5% t	25.0%	30.0%	25.0%	22.2%	20.0%	20.0%	50.0% t	33.3%
Acute subchorionitis with abscess formation	9/102 (8.8%)	10.1%	0.0%	0.0%	6.3%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Subacute or necrotizing acute chorioamnionitis	15/102 (14.7%)	17.7%	25.0%	30.0%	18.8%	22.2%	20.0%	20.0%	50.0*	33.3%
Maternal malperfusion	46/102 (45.1%)	41.8%	50.0%	40.0%	50.0%	11.1%*	20.0%	20.0%	16.7%	66.7%
Size ≤10th percentile	13/101 (12.9%)	7.7% *	0.0%	10.0%	6.3%	0.0%	20.0%	0.0%	16.7%	0.0%
Distal villous hypoplasia	34/102 (33.3%)	31.6	37.5%	30.0%	37.5%	11.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	50.0%
≥2 Infarcts	10/102 (9.8%)	7.6%	0.0%	10.0%	0.0%	11.1%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Maternal decidual vasculopathy, severe	11/83 (13.3%)	9.4%	20.0%	0.0%	8.3%	0.0%	0.0%	25.0%	0.0%	25.0%
Full thickness perivillous fibrin	10/102 (9.8%)	3.8% *	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	33.3%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%
Chronic inflammation	34/102 (33.3%)	34.2%	12.5%	30.0%	25.0%	33.3%	60.0%	80.0%*	83.3%*	16.7%
Chronic chorionitis and basal chronic villitis	32/101 (31.7%)	33.3%	12.5%	30.0%	25.0%	33.3%	60.0%	80.0%*	83.3%*	16.7%
Parenchymal chronic villitis	9/102 (8.8%)	7.6%	12.5%	10.0%	12.5%	11.1%	20.0%	40.0% t	16.7%	16.7%
Fetal vascular obstruction	26/102 (25.5%)	25.3%	37.5%	50.0%	31.3%	44.4%	0.0%	20.0%	0.0%	50.0%*
Large vessel thrombi	11/101 (10.9%)	11.4%	25.0%	30.0% t	18.8%	33.3% t	0.0%	20.0%	0.0%	50.0%*
Villous damage from fetal ischemia	17/102 (16.7%)	16.5%	25.0%	30.0%	18.8%	22.2%	0.0%	0.0%	0.0%	33.3%
Marginal or velamentous cord insertion	21/100 (21.0%)	20.8%	0.0%	55.6%*	35.7%	50.0%	2.0%	20.0%	16.7%	25.0%
Large, edematous placenta	38/102 (37.3%)	44.3%*	37.5%	10.0% t	43.8%	33.3%	60.0%	40.0%	16.7%	50.0%
Size ≥90th percentile	24/101 (23.8%)	29.5%*	37.5%	10.0%	25.0%	33.3%	40.0%	40.0%	16.7%	33.3%
Villous edema	23/102 (22.5%)	26.6% t	25.0%	10.0%	43.8%*	33.3%	40.0%	40.0%	16.7%	50.0%
Diffuse chorionic hemosiderosis	3/101 (3.0%)	3.8%	12.5%	20.0%*	6.3%	11.1%	0.0%	0.0%	16.7%	16.7%
Nucleated red blood cells >10/10 high power fields	29/101 (28.7%)	28.2%	28.6%	50.0%	18.8%	33.3%	40.0%	20.0%	0.0%	50.0%

^*considered statistically significant

^ttrending p-value (between 0.050 and 0.100)

^aRDS: respiratory distress syndrome

^bBPD: moderate and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia

^cAHI: acute hemodynamic instability characterized by hypotension requiring ≥3 days of pressor support or adrenal insufficiency requiring hydrocortisone

^dROP: high stage (≥2) retinopathy of maturity

^eIVH: high grade (≥3) intraventricular hemorrhage

^fPHH: post-hemorrhagic hydrocephalus

^gNEC: necrotizing enterocolitis