Table 2.

Skeletal features and related physical characteristics/appearance of the Asian face

Skeletal features in Asians compared with those of Caucasians [8–10, 44–49]	Related physical appearance/clinical features in Asians	Other characteristic facial features of Asians
Increased bitemporal width	Wide forehead
Increased bizygomatic width	Wide midface
Increased bigonial width	Wide lower face
Retruded forehead	Flat forehead, slanted backward
Retruded orbital rims/shallow orbit	Puffy, heavy eyelids	Epicanthal folds
Low nasal bridge deficient anterior nasal spine	Flat, short nose; appearance of wider intercanthal distance retruded columella
Medial maxilla retrusion	Under-eye “dark shadow,” concave central midface, perialar recession and nasolabial fold, or shadows on the base of nose, broad nasal width
Retrusion of pyriform margin	Perioral protrusion	Full upper and lower lips
Bimaxillary protrusion hypoplastic mandible	Retruded chin

Includes characteristics of ethnic Koreans and Chinese