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. 2016 Jan 8;17(4):458–462. doi: 10.1002/cphc.201501134

Scheme 1.

Scheme 1

B3LYP/6‐31G*‐D3 calculated structures of possible tetrameric clusters including four ion pairs: tetramer c–a, including solely cation–anion pairs characterized by OH⋅⋅⋅F hydrogen bonds; tetramer c–c, with additional cation–cation interaction resulting in cooperative hydrogen bonding OH⋅⋅⋅OH⋅⋅⋅OH⋅⋅⋅OH⋅⋅⋅F; and tetramer c–c‐cyc, showing a strongly cooperative H‐bonded cyclic tetramer of cations via (OH⋅⋅⋅O)4 bonds.