Table 1.
Summary of toxicological endpoints for glyphosate (Germany Rapporteur Member State 2015c).
| Endpoint | Value | Remark |
|---|---|---|
| Oral absorption | ca 20% | Rat, in vivo |
| Dermal absorption | < 1% | Human, in vitro, 0.015 g glyphosate/L |
| Rat LD50 oral | > 2000 mg/kg bw | |
| Rat LD50 dermal | > 2000 mg/kg bw | |
| Rat LC50 inhalation | > 5 mg/L | 4-h exposure |
| Skin irritation | Not irritating | |
| Eye irritation | Acid: moderately to severely irritating Salts: slight or non-irritating |
|
| Skin sensitization | Not sensitizing (LLNA, Magnusson-Kligmant, and Buehler test) |
|
| Genotoxicity | Not genotoxic (in vitro and in vivo) | |
| Chronic toxicity | BW gain, liver (organ weight ↑, clinical chemistry, histology); salivary glands (organ weight ↑, histology); stomach mucosa and bladder epithelium(histology); eye (cataracts), caecum (distention, organ weight ↑) NOAEL = 100 mg/kg bw/day (2-yr rat) |
Critical study used for ADI setting |
| Reproductive toxicity | Reduced pup weight at parentally toxic doses. NOAEL = 300 mg/kg bw/day |
|
| Developmental toxicity | Post-implantation loss, fetal BW & ossification ↓; effects confined to maternally toxic doses Rat NOAEL: 300 mg/kg bw/day Rabbit NOAEL: 50 mg/kg bw/day |
|
| Delayed neurotoxicity | No relevant effects, NOAEL: 2000 mg/kg bw/day | |
| Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) | 0.5 mg/kg bw/day Based on developmental toxicity in rabbits |
Safety factor 100 |
| Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (AOEL) | 0.1 mg/kg bw/day Based on maternal toxicity in rabbit teratogenicity study |
Safety factor 100 Corrected for oral absorption of 20% |