Table 2.
Social isolation, loneliness, and their associations with depression
| Depressive symptom scale (B, 95 % CI) | Major depressive episode diagnosis (OR, 95 % CI) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Social isolation | 0.16 (0.12, 0.19) | – | 0.05 (0.02, 0.09) | 1.11 (1.08, 1.13) | – | 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) |
| Loneliness | – | 0.61 (0.54, 0.69) | 0.56 (0.48, 0.65) | – | 1.51 (1.42, 1.60) | 1.46 (1.37, 1.56) |
Significant associations shown in bold
All analyses adjusted for sex, SES and non-independence of twin observations
B regression coefficient (unstandardised), OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval