Table 1.
Proportion | Citations | Favoured intervention # | |
---|---|---|---|
Study design | |||
Randomized controlled trials (RCT)/cluster RCT | 57% | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27 | 59% |
Comparison trials | 26% | 28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39 | 67% |
Pilot studies or feasibility trials of any design | 17% | 40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47 | 88% |
Year of publication | |||
2014–2015 | 6% | 14,23,39,46 | 75% |
2012–2013 | 36% | 1,4,5,10,21,24,25,26,28,31,35,40,41,42,44,45,47 | 71% |
2010–2011 | 26% | 6,7,8,9,11,27,30,33,36,37,38,43 | 67% |
1983–2009 | 32% | 2,3,12,13,15,16,17,18,19,20,22,29,32,34 | 57% |
Study location | |||
USA | 59% | 1,2,6,7,11,13,15,16,17,18,19,21,22,23,29,30,31,32,34,35,36,37,39,40,41,44,45,46 | 68% |
UK | 15% | 8,12,26,28,38,42,47 | 58% |
Australia | 11% | 14,20,25,27,33 | 20% |
Other locations + | 15% | 3,4,5,9,10,24,43 | 100% |
Sample size (‘target’ child) | |||
<60 participants | 45% | 2,6,8,12,20,21,25,26,27,29,30,32,36,37,39,40,41,42, 44,45,46 | 57% |
60–200 participants | 32% | 3,7,9,13,14,16,18,22,31,33,34,35,38,43,45 | 73% |
≥200 participants | 23% | 1,4,5,10,11,15,19,23,24,28,47 | 72% |
Age of target child | |||
5–8 years | 15% | 1,20,23,24,42,43,47 | 71% |
8–11 years | 70% | 3,4,5,7,8,9,10,11,12,14,17,19,21,22,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,41,44,45,46 | 60% |
≥11 years | 13% | 6,13,15,16,18,40 | 50% |
Not reported | 2% | 2 | 0% |
Sex of target child | |||
Mixed sex | 83% | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,13,14,15,16,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,30,31,32,33,34,35,38,39,40,41,42,43, 44,47 | 63% |
Girls only | 15% | 12,17,29,36,37,45,46 | 86% |
Not reported | 2% | 42 | 100% |
Weight status of target child | |||
Majority healthy weight | 43% | 1,3,4,5,6,7,10,11,12,14,18,23,24,26,29,31,32,37,38,47 | 80% |
Majority overweight or obese | 36% | 1,8,18,19,20,21,27,28,30,33,34,35,37,39,40,41,44 | 59% |
Not reported | 21% | 2,9,13,15,22,25,41,42,43,46 | 50% |
Follow‐up (post‐intervention) periods reported | |||
Short term: up to 6 months | 51% | 9,10,13,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,25,26,27,29,31,36,39,41,42,43,44,46,47 | 58% |
Medium term: 6–12 months | 19% | 3,4,6,7,8,14,17,21,32 | 89% |
Long term: 12 months or longer | 30% | 1,4,8,10,13,15,19,21,23,24,27,30,33,34 | 79% |
Physical activity measure * | |||
Subjective (e.g. questionnaire, recall diary, interview) | 53% | 1,3,4,5,11,13,15,16,19,20,21,22,27,28,30,32,34,35,38,40,41,43,44,46,47 | 68% |
Objective (e.g. pedo/accelerometry (Actical, ActiGraph or Caltrac devices), observation) | 46% | 2,6,7,8,9,10,12,14,17,18,23,24,25,26,29,31,33,36,37, 39,42,45 | 64% |
Physical activity outcome reported | |||
Accelerometer‐derived MVPA or counts/min | 34% | 6,7,8,17,18,21,23,24,26,29,31,33,36,37,42,45 | 63% |
Pedometer‐derived step count | 15% | 9,10,12,14,25,39,41 | 71% |
Self‐reported PA frequency (>60 min) | 45% | 1,3,11,13,15,16,19,20,22,27,28,30,32,34,35,38,40,43,44,46,47 | 67% |
Self‐reported sport, dance, PE or outdoor play participation or direct observation | 6% | 2,4,5 | 67% |
Theoretical grounding | |||
No theory identified | 43% | 5,8,10,12,17,18,19,20,21,22,26,27,28,30,31,38,40,41,44,47 | 60% |
Theory‐based | 57% | 1,2,3,4,6,7,9,11,13,14,16,23,24,25,29,32,33,34,35,36,37,39,42,43,45,46 | 74% |
Intervention duration | |||
≤1 month | 17% | 12,20,22,32,34,36,41,43 | 63% |
1–2 months | 23% | 4,6,7,9,13,16,25,27,40,42,46 | 64% |
>2 to 3 months | 34% | 14,18,19,21,26,28,29,30,31,33,35,37,38,39,44,47 | 69% |
>3 months | 26% | 1,2,3,5,8,10,11,15,17,23,24,45 | 67% |
Intervention deliverer | |||
Community leaders | 19% | 1,3,13,15,22,29,30,44,45 | 67% |
Medical or healthcare staff | 23% | 4,5,7,8,20,21,23,28,36,37,47 | 55% |
Research team | 19% | 9,14,16,25,26,32,34,42,46 | 67% |
Remote delivery (online or mail) | 15% | 6,24,31,39,40,41,43 | 71% |
Teaching staff (specializing in Physical Education) | 2% | 33 | 0% |
Not reported | 21% | 2,10,11,12,17,18,19,30,35,38 | 90% |
Intervention strategy applied † | |||
Education | 89% | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,40, 41,42,43,44,45,46,47 | 67% |
Goal‐setting | 40% | 1,2,3,5,6,12,13,15,16,18,19,23,25,30,31,39,41,45,46 | 53% |
Reinforcement of positive health behaviours | 17% | 5,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,19,20,25,26,33,39,41,45 | 56% |
Role modelling | 17% | 3,12,13,14,20,23,34,39 | 63% |
Intervention focus | |||
PA only | 21% | 1,10,12,17,22,24,26,31,39,43 | 70% |
Included other behaviour (e.g. diet, screen time) | 79% | 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,13,14,15,16,18,23,25,27,28,29,30,36,37,38,41,42 | 62% |
Corresponds with a significant, positive change in outcome (see Supplementary Table 1 for full details).
Singapore, Mexico, Italy, New Zealand, Canada and Germany.
Some studies employed both subjective and objective methods to measure physical activity.
Some studies employed more than one intervention strategy.