Table 3.

Odds Ratios Between Major Depression Patients with Functional Gastrointestinal Symptoms^a (n = 30) and Controls (n = 146) Used as Reference

	Unadjusted model OR (95% CI)	Adjusted modelb OR (95% CI)
Age ≥ 65 yr (reference: < 65 yr)	1.30 (0.58–2.89)	1.57 (0.60–4.12)
Male gender (reference: female)	0.72 (0.31–1.64)	0.46 (0.16–1.27)
BMI ≥ 25 (reference: BMI < 25)	1.39 (0.60–3.21)	0.99 (0.34–2.83)
HADS score	1.20 (1.12–1.30)	1.24 (1.14–1.35)
Being a hypersuppressorc (reference: > 130 nmol L−1)	3.42 (1.28–9.13)	7.25 (1.97–26.7)

^aPatients with a gastrointestinal symptom rating scale-irritable bowel syndrome (GSRS-IBS) score above median among the patients.

^bOdds ratios adjusted for age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) score, and post- dexamethasone suppression test (DST) cortisol using logistic regression.

^cA subject exhibiting a post-DST cortisol value below 130 nmol L⁻¹ which is the cutoff for the lowest decile (10%) of the post-DST cortisol values among the controls.

HPA, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal; CI, confidence interval.