Fig. 5.

Synbiotic diets suppress antigen-specific T cell activation in HDM-allergic mice. Lung cell suspensions were ex vivo restimulated with HDM for 4 days (37 °C, 5 % CO₂). IL-10 (a), IFNγ (b) and IL-4 (c) concentrations were measured in the supernatant. HDM–PBS: HDM-sensitized and PBS-challenged mice (white bars), HDM–HDM: HDM-sensitized and HDM-challenged mice (gray bars), Contr: control diet, GFBB: mixture of GOS and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharide with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V diet, FFBB: mixture of short-chain fructo-oligosaccharide and long-chain fructo-oligosaccharide with Bifidobacterium breve M-16V diet. Results are shown as mean ± SEM. Statistical significance of differences by one-way ANOVA and post hoc Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons test. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared to HDM–HDM; ^{^^^} P < 0.001, ^{^^^^} P < 0.0001 compared to HDM–PBS, n = 6–7 mice/group