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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Mar 21.
Published in final edited form as: Chem Soc Rev. 2016 Mar 21;45(6):1750–1780. doi: 10.1039/c5cs00914f

Figure 7.

Figure 7

Dissolution behaviors of 2D nanomaterials. (a) Three dissolution mechanisms in biological and environmental media. (b) Equilibrium solubilities of metal sulfides, oxides, hydroxides and LDHs at pH 7 based on solubility constants for metal hydroxides and LAHs,203 or Visual MINTEQ 3.1 for metal oxides and sulfides at pH 7 with 1 mM NaNO3 as electrolyte.205 (c) Criterion for oxidative dissolution: comparison of 2D material oxidation potentials with the water/O2 redox couple (pH 7), suggesting that MoS2, MoSe2, WS2 and WSe2 are likely to be oxidatively unstable. (d) Criterion for reductive dissolution: comparison of 2D material reduction potential with the cellular redox potential (exemplified by GSH/GSSG couple) at pH 7, suggesting WO3, MoO3 and MnO2 are unstable to biological reduction and dissolution.