Table 2. Top 10 enrichment GO categories in the molecular functions of DGEs.

Gene Ontology term	Cluster frequency	Genome frequency	Corrected P-value
calcium ion binding	67 out of 944 genesa, 7.1%	634 out of 15811 genesb, 4.0%	0.00232
metal ion transmembrane transporter activity	46 out of 944 genes, 4.9%	379 out of 15811 genes, 2.4%	0.00237
cation channel activity	36 out of 944 genes, 3.8%	278 out of 15811 genes, 1.8%	0.00647
transmembrane transporter activity	94 out of 944 genes, 10.0%	1024 out of 15811 genes, 6.5%	0.01108
glycosaminoglycan binding	26 out of 944 genes, 2.8%	176 out of 15811 genes, 1.1%	0.01124
monovalent inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity	42 out of 944 genes, 4.4%	355 out of 15811 genes, 2.2%	0.01168
cation transmembrane transporter activity	61 out of 944 genes, 6.5%	592 out of 15811 genes, 3.7%	0.01386
gated channel activity	37 out of 944 genes, 3.9%	301 out of 15811 genes, 1.9%	0.01587
inorganic cation transmembrane transporter activity	53 out of 944 genes, 5.6%	498 out of 15811 genes, 3.1%	0.02024
carbohydrate derivative binding	26 out of 944 genes, 2.8%	187 out of 15811 genes, 1.2%	0.03270

a. The number of differentially expressed genes with biological processes with GO annotation.

b. The number of genes in the entire yak genome with biological processes with GO annotation.