Table 5. Association of UA, modified by sodium intake, with hypertension and mTCR.
| Quartiles of UA with median (interquartile range), mmol/L | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Models | Men | Women | |||||||||
| 227 (203–246) | 288 (276–298) | 326 (315–341) | 391 (375–425) | P for trend† | 163 (149–175) | 212 (200–222) | 249 (238–264) | 321 (293–353) | P for trend† | ||
| Adjusted for age only | |||||||||||
| Hypertension | |||||||||||
| 1st tertile of sodium intake | 1.00 | 0.66 (0.43, 1.02) | 0.88 (0.61, 1.27) | 1.11 (0.81, 1.53) | 0.128 | 1.00 | 2.26 (1.15, 4.42) | 2.39 (1.26, 4.53) | 2.27 (1.18, 4.37) | 0.033 | |
| 2nd tertile of sodium intake | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.64, 1.43) | 1.01 (0.72, 1.42) | 1.10 (0.77, 1.59) | 0.125 | 1.00 | 1.29 (0.85, 1.96) | 1.33 (0.91, 1.94) | 1.40 (0.93, 2.11) | 0.493 | |
| 3rd tertile of sodium intake | 1.00 | 1.02 (0.76, 1.37) | 1.09 (0.81, 1.47) | 1.42 (1.08, 1.86) | 0.019 | 1.00 | 1.03 (0.65, 1.65) | 1.24 (0.80, 1.93) | 1.66 (1.10, 1.51) | 0.002 | |
| Total‡ | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.72, 1.09) | 0.98 (0.81, 1.20) | 1.18 (0.98, 1.40) | 0.019 | 1.00 | 1.34 (1.01, 1.77) | 1.46 (1.12, 1.88) | 1.67 (1.31, 2.14) | 0.008 | |
| mTCR | |||||||||||
| 1st tertile of sodium intake | 1.00 | 0.63 (0.43, 0.92) | 0.83 (0.60, 1.15) | 0.98 (0.75, 1.29) | 0.414 | 1.00 | 2.21 (1.19, 4.12) | 2.48 (1.37, 4.48) | 2.09 (1.10, 3.95) | 0.080 | |
| 2nd tertile of sodium intake | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.62, 1.29) | 1.15 (0.87, 1.51) | 1.16 (0.86, 1.57) | 0.021 | 1.00 | 1.47 (0.97, 2.22) | 1.40 (0.97, 2.01) | 1.43 (0.96, 2.13) | 0.157 | |
| 3rd tertile of sodium intake | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.81, 1.34) | 0.94 (0.70, 1.26) | 1.25 (0.96, 1.63) | 0.081 | 1.00 | 1.08 (0.67, 1.76) | 1.36 (0.88, 2.08) | 1.62 (1.07, 1.45) | 0.009 | |
| Total‡ | 1.00 | 0.86 (0.72, 1.04) | 0.97 (0.81, 1.15) | 1.10 (0.95, 1.29) | 0.049 | 1.00 | 1.44 (1.09, 1.89) | 1.57 (1.22, 2.01) | 1.64 (1.28, 2.11) | 0.001 | |
| Adjusted for multivariables | |||||||||||
| Hypertension* | |||||||||||
| 1st tertile of sodium intake | 1.00 | 0.64 (0.42, 0.98) | 0.74 (0.51, 1.06) | 0.86 (0.64, 1.16) | 0.264 | 1.00 | 1.85 (1.05, 3.26) | 1.62 (0.83, 3.14) | 1.65 (0.75, 3.60) | 0.120 | |
| 2nd tertile of sodium intake | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.59, 1.34) | 0.94 (0.65, 1.38) | 0.84 (0.53, 1.33) | 0.200 | 1.00 | 1.42 (0.91, 2.21) | 1.46 (1.01, 2.11) | 1.60 (0.98, 2.63) | 0.330 | |
| 3rd tertile of sodium intake | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.77, 1.42) | 1.14 (0.82, 1.58) | 1.24 (0.94, 1.64) | 0.140 | 1.00 | 1.22 (0.78, 1.91) | 1.18 (0.75, 1.85) | 1.65 (1.09, 2.51) | 0.008 | |
| Total‡ | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.71, 1.09) | 0.92 (0.75, 1.13) | 0.93 (0.77, 1.13) | 0.500 | 1.00 | 1.46 (1.11, 1.92) | 1.44 (1.11, 1.85) | 1.47 (1.13, 1.92) | 0.307 | |
| mTCR** | |||||||||||
| 1st tertile of sodium intake | 1.00 | 0.65 (0.44, 0.96) | 0.77 (0.57, 1.05) | 0.90 (0.70, 1.16) | 0.262 | 1.00 | 2.12 (1.14, 2.94) | 2.30 (1.25, 4.24) | 1.98 (0.94, 4.18) | 0.330 | |
| 2nd tertile of sodium intake | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.63, 1.29) | 1.25 (0.95, 1.65) | 1.19 (0.89, 1.60) | 0.006 | 1.00 | 1.58 (1.08, 2.32) | 1.53 (1.06, 2.19) | 1.53 (1.06, 2.22) | 0.738 | |
| 3rd tertile of sodium intake | 1.00 | 1.05 (0.82, 1.36) | 0.98 (0.73, 1.32) | 1.28 (0.99, 1.65) | 0.035 | 1.00 | 1.19 (0.74, 1.90) | 1.39 (0.91, 2.11) | 1.65 (1.10, 2.47) | 0.019 | |
| Total‡ | 1.00 | 0.89 (0.74, 1.07) | 0.98 (0.83, 1.17) | 1.08 (0.92, 1.26) | 0.048 | 1.00 | 1.52 (1.18, 1.98) | 1.62 (1.26, 2.08) | 1.63 (1.24, 2.14) | 0.015 | |
*Adjusted for age, residence, smoking, alcohol intake, BMI, urine sodium, plasma Cr, TC, fasting glucose, and antihypertensive treatment.
**Adjusted for age, residence, and antihypertensive treatment. Tertile 1–3 of sodium intake were defined as < 237, 237–346, and >346 mmol/d in men and < 207, 207–309, and > 309 mmol/d in women.
†UA was defined as a continuous variable (mmol/L).
‡Sodium intake (mmol/d) was adjusted.