Table 3. Three genetic loci associated with spherical equivalent with a significant SNP × education interaction in Asians and results in European populations.
SNP (Chr:BP) | Gene | Allele | FREQ | Subgroup | Asians (n=10,315) | Europeans (n=40,036) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
β | P-value | Phet | β | P-value | Phet | |||||
rs12511037* (4:75334864) | AREG | C/T | 0.91/0.95 | Lower education | 0.07 | 0.243 | −0.05 | 0.323 | ||
Higher education | −0.70 | 1.97 × 10−10 | −0.03 | 0.579 | ||||||
SNP × education | −0.89 | 6.87 × 10−11 | 0.704 | 0.02 | 0.176 | 0.284 | ||||
JMA | 5.55 × 10−10 | 0.405 | 0.527 | 0.186 | ||||||
rs13215566 (6:89918638) | GABRR1 | C/G | 0.94/0.84 | Lower education | −0.13 | 0.030 | −0.03 | 0.258 | ||
Higher education | −0.68 | 1.46 × 10−8 | −0.01 | 0.817 | ||||||
SNP × education | −0.56 | 8.48 × 10−5 | 0.134 | −0.02 | 0.459 | 0.457 | ||||
JMA | 3.81 × 10−8 | 0.122 | 0.502 | 0.630 | ||||||
rs12206610 6:166016800 | PDE10A | C/T | 0.90/0.87 | Lower education | 0.16 | 0.008 | 0.01 | 0.759 | ||
Higher education | −0.59 | 8.16 × 10−8 | 0.01 | 0.810 | ||||||
SNP × education | −0.72 | 2.32 × 10−8 | 0.920 | −0.002 | 0.421 | 0.111 | ||||
JMA | 9.21 × 10−9 | 0.902 | 0.954 | 0.305 |
β (higher education/lower education), β-coefficient corresponds to the effect in spherical equivalent (dioptres) for 1 additional copy of the effect allele in the higher/lower education group; β (SNP × education), β-coefficient corresponds to the difference in spherical equivalent (dioptres) for 1 additional copy of the effect allele in the higher versus lower education group; FREQ, allele frequency of the effect allele in Asian/European cohorts; JMA, joint meta-analysis on SNP effect and SNP × education interaction effect on spherical equivalent; LD, linkage disequilibrium; Phet, P-value for the test of heterogeneity; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism.
β and P-values for SNP × education interaction were calculated by the meta-analysis of conducting a 1df Wald's test of single interaction parameter. Allele is listed as effect allele/other allele.
*SNP rs12511037 was not present in European studies after quality control. Here we present the results of a proxy SNP rs1246413 (T/G, frequency of risk allele T=0.95) in LD with rs12511037 (r2=0.97).