Figure 3.

Electrometric, quasi-static characterization of single TC (a) and BC (b). The upper graph in (a,b) shows the I-V curve, whereas the lower one shows the derived R-V characteristic. Prior to any bipolar switching cycle (blue line), the TC and BC are formed separately (grey dotted line). Additionally, reading sweep after RESET (red dashed line) and reading sweep after SET (green dashed line) are shown. (c,d) show the endurance measurement data on single bipolar switching cell. Complete endurance data points up to 10⁴ cycles (c) and logarithmically measured endurance data points up to 10⁶ cycles (d).