Figure 9.

Schematic action model of rutaecarpine which exert caloric restrict acting on cell metabolism at multiple levels and reduce energy-consuming processes in vivo and in vitro. Both AMPK-ACC2 and IRS-1-PI3K-Akt pathway participate regulatory pathway stimulated by rutaecarpine. The inhibitory effect on broad range of inflammatory cytokines may further suggest the multi-targets of rutaecarpine. The arrows indicate the potential targets of rutaecarpine. However, their role in the mechanism still need validation.