| Immune based therapies |
| Innate immune mechanisms, eg inflammasome |
| Adaptive immunity eg costimulatory blockade |
| Effector cells, eg plasma cells, macrophages |
| Effector pathways, eg alternative complement pathway, TWEAK/Fn14 pathway |
| Soluble inflammatory mediators, eg cytokines/chemokines |
| Signaling molecules eg, kinases, mTOR |
| Protection of intrinsic renal cells |
| Renin angiotensin system |
| Endothelin 1 |
| Growth factors, eg PDGF |
| Oxidative stress, eg NADP oxidases |
| Improved microcirculation |
| Phosphodiesterase 5 |
| Anti-fibrotics |
| Growth factors, eg TGFβ, CTGF |
| Growth factor antagonists, eg HGF mimetic, BMP7 mimetic |
| Others |
| Epigenomic reprogramming |
| Mesenchymal stem cells |
