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. 2016 Mar 24;7:11109. doi: 10.1038/ncomms11109

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Based on linear mixed models (N=209 plots). The expected biodiversity effect is shown for a scenario where (a) complementarity (MF_exp1), (b) both complementarity and selection (MF_exp2) and (c) complementarity, selection and the jack-of-all-trades effects (MF_exp3) are excluded, for a range of multifunctionality threshold values. (d) The net biodiversity effect on multifunctionality (blue line), partitioned into complementarity (red), selection (yellow) and the jack-of-all-trades (green) effects. The dotted, horizontal lines show a biodiversity effect of zero. The grey polygon represents the 95% confidence area in a–c, while points significantly deviating from zero are extra-large in d.