Table 2.
Bivariate analysis on health characteristics and health service use
| Insured | Uninsured | Significance tests | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Private | Public | RPIE | EME | χ2P | |||
| n = 9,428 | n = 2,371 | n = 2,172 | n = 2,894 | Private vs. Public | RPIE vs. EME | Private vs. RPIE | Public vs. EME | |
| General Health | ||||||||
| Fair/Poor, self-reported health | 9.7 % | 39.6 % | 16.7 % | 23.9 % | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| Chronic Conditions | ||||||||
| Heart-related Disease | 8.9 % | 17.7 % | 6.6 % | 6.8 % | *** | .851 | *** | *** |
| Diabetes | 7.5 % | 18.1 % | 6.5 % | 7.9 % | *** | .051 | .078 | *** |
| Cancer | 6.7 % | 7.3 % | 3.6 % | 3.0 % | .332 | .238 | *** | *** |
| Health-Related Lifestyle | ||||||||
| Overweighta | 35.0 % | 30.8 % | 36.6 % | 34.4 % | *** | .107 | .103 | * |
| Obeseb | 32.3 % | 43.0 % | 31.4 % | 34.5 % | *** | * | .390 | *** |
| Smoking | 14.7 % | 29.8 % | 21.6 % | 23.8 % | *** | .064 | *** | *** |
| Mental Healthc | ||||||||
| Felt Hopeless all the time or most of the time | 2.3 % | 12.7 % | 4.1 % | 7.1 % | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| Felt Sad all the time or most of the time | 1.6 % | 10.4 % | 3.1 % | 5.8 % | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| Felt Worthless all the time or most of the time | 2.1 % | 10.5 % | 3.6 % | 5.3 % | *** | ** | *** | *** |
| Health Care Access | ||||||||
| Have Usual Source of Care | 79.0 % | 80.4 % | 55.1 % | 57.8 % | .135 | .054 | *** | *** |
| Routine Check-up, a prior year | 67.5 % | 74.9 % | 39.1 % | 37.3 % | *** | .179 | *** | *** |
| Dental Check-up, a prior year | 71.0 % | 42.3 % | 39.9 % | 31.4 % | *** | *** | *** | *** |
| Visits to Medical Officesd | *** | * | *** | *** | ||||
| 0 | 29.0 % | 22.4 % | 59.3 % | 62.6 % | ||||
| 1 | 19.2 % | 12.9 % | 13.7 % | 11.8 % | ||||
| 2 | 16.0 % | 13.3 % | 8.9 % | 9.1 % | ||||
| 3 | 11.3 % | 11.2 % | 6.2 % | 5.3 % | ||||
| 4 | 8.2 % | 11.6 % | 4.7 % | 3.4 % | ||||
| 5 to 9 | 10.7 % | 15.5 % | 5.0 % | 4.6 % | ||||
| ≥ 10 | 5.6 % | 13.1 % | 2.2 % | 3.2 % | ||||
| Women’s Screening | ||||||||
| Pap test, prior 3 yearse | 89.1 % | 85.0 % | 76.3 % | 76.2 % | *** | .963 | *** | *** |
| Breast Exam, prior 2 yearsf | 85.4 % | 78.6 % | 65.7 % | 61.5 % | *** | * | *** | *** |
| Mammogram, prior 2 yearsg | 62.2 % | 53.6 % | 40.4 % | 33.6 % | *** | ** | *** | *** |
| Unmet Health Needs | ||||||||
| Immediate Care/Treatment Due to Injuries or Illnessesh | 13.7 % | 19.5 % | 28.9 % | 35.9 % | *** | * | *** | *** |
| Needed Care/Treatment/Testsi | 7.1 % | 15.7 % | 22.3 % | 30.9 % | *** | ** | *** | *** |
| Appointment When Wantedj | 15.5 % | 18.4 % | 26.5 % | 31.6 % | ** | * | *** | *** |
Note. * p < .05, ** p < .01, *** p < .001, based on χ 2 analysis; Data from Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) 2012; Numbers are unweighted and percentages do not always equal 100 due to rounding or missing data
RPIE the Uninsured Who Will Likely Be Required to Purchase Health Insurance through the Exchanges under the ACA Enactment, EME the Uninsured Who Will Likely Be Eligible for Medicaid Expansion
a Defined as a BMI ≥ 25 to < 30
b Defined as a BMI ≥ 30
c The percentage of individuals who reported they felt most of the time during the past 30 days
d The number of visits to doctor’s office or clinic in the past 12 months, emergency visits are not include
e Analysis was restricted to women aged 27–64 years (Pap test; n = 8,588, Breast exam; n = 8,618); numbers are not same due to missing data
f Analysis was restricted to women aged 29–64 years (n = 7917)
g The percentage of individuals who answered never or sometimes to the following question: “In the last 12 months, when you needed care right away how often did you get care as soon as you though you needed?”
h The percentage of individuals who answered never or sometimes to the following questions: “In the last 12 months, how often was it easy to get the care, tests, or treatment you or a doctor believed necessary?”
i The percentage of individuals who answered never or sometimes to the following questions: “In the last 12 months, not counting the times you needed care right away, how often did you get an appointment for your health care at a doctor’s office or clinic as soon as you thought you needed?”