Table 2.

Data collection methods for case studies

Innovation case study	Interviews	Observations	Documentary analysis
1. Reconfiguring stroke services	Up to 25, including commissioners and providers of services in GM and other areas considering reconfiguration	Up to 20 h, including planning meetings at Trust level, commissioner and provider meetings, and other relevant decision-making authorities	Up to 100 documents, including meeting minutes, published research, grey literature, local data
2. National guidance for referral for suspected cancer	Up to 25 across two local health economies, including GP practices, clinical networks, and third sector	Up to 40 h, including commissioning meetings, GP training events, service planning meetings	Up to 50 documents, including guidelines, local service planning
3. New virtual clinics within extended network of eye services	Up to 25, including Trust board members, those leading innovation, and staff involved in implementation	Up to 40 h, including board meetings; innovation planning meetings, e.g. steering group; local planning in satellite sites; and shadowing key staff	Up to 50 documents, including meeting minutes, published research, grey literature, local data
Total	75 interviews	100 h	200 documents