Table 5.
In-hospital mortality in patients undergoing VA-ECMO for cardiogenic shock
| Patients, n | Deaths, n (%) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 4658 | 3429 | (73.6) | |
| Age, years | <0.001 | |||
| 19–39 | 271 | 170 | (62.7) | |
| 40–59 | 1079 | 738 | (68.4) | |
| 60–79 | 2741 | 2058 | (75.1) | |
| ≥ 80 | 567 | 463 | (81.7) | |
| Sex | 0.775 | |||
| Male | 3399 | 2506 | (73.7) | |
| Female | 1259 | 923 | (73.3) | |
| Hospital volume per year | 0.071 | |||
| 0–9 | 1671 | 1263 | (75.6) | |
| 10–19 | 1554 | 1123 | (72.3) | |
| ≥ 20 | 1433 | 1043 | (72.8) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | <0.001 | |||
| < 18.5 | 406 | 295 | (72.7) | |
| 18.5–24.9 | 2223 | 1521 | (68.4) | |
| ≥ 25.0 | 1085 | 772 | (71.2) | |
| Missing | 944 | 841 | (89.1) | |
| Etiology | <0.001 | |||
| Ischemic heart disease | 1968 | 1556 | (79.1) | |
| Heart failure | 1621 | 1099 | (67.8) | |
| Valvular disease | 640 | 493 | (77.0) | |
| Myocarditis | 186 | 106 | (57.0) | |
| Cardiomyopathy | 193 | 141 | (73.1) | |
| Takotsubo cardiomyopathy | 34 | 22 | (64.7) | |
| Infectious endocarditis | 16 | 12 | (75.0) | |
| Cardiac arrest | <0.001 | |||
| No | 2471 | 1742 | (70.5) | |
| Yes | 2187 | 1687 | (77.1) | |
| Chronic renal failure | 0.464 | |||
| No | 4139 | 3040 | (73.4) | |
| Yes | 519 | 389 | (75.0) | |
| Liver failure | 0.974 | |||
| No | 4594 | 3382 | (73.6) | |
| Yes | 64 | 47 | (73.4) | |
| Central nervous system dysfunction | 0.527 | |||
| No | 4605 | 3392 | (73.7) | |
| Yes | 53 | 37 | (69.8) | |
| Duration of intubation prior to VA-ECMO, days | <0.001 | |||
| 0 | 2576 | 2007 | (77.9) | |
| 1 | 33 | 23 | (69.7) | |
| ≥ 2 | 115 | 66 | (57.4) | |
| Missing | 1934 | 1333 | (68.9) | |
| Use of intra-aortic balloon pumping | <0.001 | |||
| No | 1828 | 1438 | (78.7) | |
| Yes | 2830 | 1991 | (70.4) | |
| Use of continuous renal replacement therapy | <0.001 | |||
| No | 2893 | 2058 | (71.1) | |
| Yes | 1765 | 1371 | (77.7) | |
VA-ECMO venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation