Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
Smoking-affected metabolic pathways. Schematic diagram based on metabolic pathway analysis of differentially expressed metabolites between smokers and nonsmokers using Metaboanalyst software. Dominant pathways affected include redox reactions, cell membrane metabolism, energy metabolism, and enzyme cofactors and cofactor metabolites. CoA, coenzyme A; FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide; NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide.
