Table 3.
Minor endpoints.
| Minor endpoints | DC (n = 17) | nDC (n = 9) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| RASS median (IQR) | 0 (0–2) | 0 (−2 to 2) | |
| CAM-ICU positive, n (%) | 3 (17.6) | 4 (44.4) | |
| Total CLON exposure, mg/ICU day, median (IQR) | 0.35 (0.2–0.5) | 0.5 (0.4–1.0) | 0.036 |
| CLON exposure in first 8 h, mg, median (IQR) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (0.1–0.15) | 1.0 |
| DEX rate ⩽ 0.4 µg/kg/h, n (%) | 15 (88.2) | 2 (22.2) | 0.0016 |
| DEX rate at CLON initiation, µg/kg/h (IQR) | 0 (0–2.5) | 0.7 (0.45–0.7) | 0.005 |
| DEX duration prior to CLON (h), median (IQR) | 24 (14.5–39) | 13 (4–32) | 0.14 |
| CLON initiation dose, mg, median (IQR) | 0.1 (0.1–0.2) | 0.1 (0.1–0.15) | 0.8 |
| CLON duration days, median (IQR) | 2 (1–4.5) | 3 (2–5) | 0.55 |
| Rescue sedation, n (%) | 16 (94) | 9 (100) | |
| Opioid only, n | 11 | 3 | |
| BZD only, n | 1 | 0 | |
| Antipsychotic only, n | 2 | 0 | |
| Opioid + BZD, n | 0 | 3 | |
| Opioid + antipsychotic, n | 1 | 1 | |
| BZD + antipsychotic, n | 0 | 2 | |
| Opioid + BZD + antipsychotic, n | 1 | 0 |
DC: patients who discontinued dexmedetomidine within 8 h of clonidine administration; nDC: patients who did not discontinue dexmedetomidine within 8 h of clonidine administration; RASS: Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale; IQR: interquartile range; CAM-ICU: confusion assessment method in the intensive care unit; CLON: clonidine; DEX: dexmedetomidine; BZD: benzodiazepine.