Table 1.
Black Mothers (n=661) |
Hispanic Mothers (n= 1142) |
White Mothers (n=1094) |
p-value | Asian Mothers (n=176) |
American Indian Mothers (n=98) |
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mothers | ||||||
Average Age | 30.6 ± 6.0 | 30.6 ± 6.0 | 31.1 ± 6.2 | 0.126 | 33.1 ± 6.6 | 30.8 ± 5.8 |
Living Status | ||||||
Mother living alone (%) | 68% | 23% | 38% | 0.000 | 28% | 37% |
Immigration Status | ||||||
Percent immigrants | 9% | 77% | 7% | 0.000 | 88% | 1% |
Length of Residence | ||||||
Years lived in county | ||||||
<1 year | 3% | 3% | 3% | 0.013 | 6% | 3% |
Between 1-2 years | 9% | 9% | 10% | 7% | 10% | |
Between 3-5 years | 13% | 19% | 15% | 15% | 11% | |
>5 years | 76% | 69% | 72% | 73% | 75% | |
Years lived at same address | ||||||
<1 year | 27% | 18% | 22% | 0.000 | 21% | 22% |
Between 1-2 years | 39% | 32% | 33% | 27% | 23% | |
Between 3-5 years | 23% | 28% | 25% | 25% | 25% | |
>5 years | 11% | 22% | 21% | 28% | 30% | |
Education | ||||||
Did not finish high school | 13% | 50% | 11% | 0.000 | 15% | 17% |
High school diploma or GED | 35% | 34% | 35% | 35% | 42% | |
Some college or 2-year associate | 48% | 14% | 46% | 35% | 35% | |
4-year college degree or higher | 4% | 3% | 8% | 16% | 6% | |
Employment Status | ||||||
Employment full-time | 36% | 30% | 31% | 0.000 | 39% | 27% |
Employed part-time or in school | 26% | 24% | 27% | 27% | 23% | |
Homemaker | 12% | 30% | 29% | 22% | 22% | |
Disabled | 6% | 2% | 4% | 3% | 3% | |
Unemployed | 19% | 15% | 10% | 10% | 24% | |
Dental insurance | ||||||
None | 25% | 74% | 50% | 0.000 | 53% | 50% |
Medicaid | 58% | 14% | 36% | 22% | 38% | |
Private | 18% | 12% | 15% | 25% | 13% | |
Annual Household income | ||||||
<$10,000 | 59% | 46% | 41% | 0.000 | 43% | 48% |
$10,000-$20,000 | 25% | 31% | 28% | 28% | 26% | |
>$20,000 | 16% | 23% | 31% | 29% | 27% | |
Cigarette Smoking | ||||||
Some days or everyday (%) | 35% | 7% | 38% | < 0.001 | 13% | 34% |
Dental Beliefs/Fear | ||||||
Mother believes dentist visits can prevent loose teeth |
57% | 74% | 63% | < 0.001 | 73% | 56% |
High dental fear (%) | 18% | 22% | 18% | 0.080 | 11% | 16% |
Mental health score | ||||||
1 (Best) | 17% | 19% | 9% | < 0.001 | 13% | 12% |
2 | 38% | 42% | 43% | 35% | 46% | |
3 | 28% | 28% | 30% | 36% | 25% | |
4 | 13% | 9% | 14% | 13% | 9% | |
5-6 (Worst) | 5% | 3% | 4% | 3% | 8% | |
Survey Mode | ||||||
Web | 5% | 3% | 11% | < 0.001 | 7% | 7% |
71% | 61% | 70% | 82% | 78% | ||
Telephone | 24% | 36% | 19% | 11% | 15% | |
Children | ||||||
Personal & Family Characteristics | ||||||
Child's age (years, mean ± SD) | 5.1 ± 1.2 | 4.9 ± 1.2 | 5.0 ± 1.2 | 0.007 | 4.9 ± 1.3 | 5.2 ± 1.2 |
Female (%) | 52% | 50% | 48% | 0.315 | 50% | 51% |
Days enrolled in Medicaid, 2005 (mean±SD) |
344±62 | 350±50 | 341±67 | <0.001 | 327±90 | 335±76 |
Household primary language not English (%) |
3% | 67% | 4% | < 0.001 | 22% | 2% |
Caregiver not U.S. citizen (%) | 0.3% | 0.7% | 2.1% | < 0.001 | 1.1% | 0% |
Dental Characteristics | ||||||
Mother rated oral health of child (avg) |
3.7 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 3.7 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 | 3.4 ± 1.1 | 3.3 ± 1.1 |
Sometimes/frequently had dental pain (%) |
16% | 16% | 13% | 0.102 | 11% | 20% |
High dental fear (%) | 11% | 24% | 13% | < 0.001 | 22% | 18% |
Enrolled in ABCD Program (%) | 4% | 25% | 24% | < 0.001 | 11% | 22% |
County Characteristics | ||||||
Lives in Rural Zip code (%) | 2% | 40% | 22% | < 0.001 | 2% | 32% |
Medicaid dentists per 10K residents in county |
2.7 ± 0.4 | 2.6 ± 0.7 | 2.8 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.8 |