Table 1.
Characteristics of the local areas sampled and the related Local Health Departments (LHD).
| 10 Federal Regions |
N (%) | |
|---|---|---|
| Region 1 | Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont | 15(2.7) |
| Region 2 | New Jersey, New York | 36(6.5) |
| Region 3 | Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia | 52(9.3) |
| Region 4 | Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee | 258(46.2) |
| Region 5 | Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, Wisconsin | 69(12.4) |
| Region 6 | Arkansas, Louisiana, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas | 68(12.2) |
| Region 7 | Iowa, Kansas, Missouri, Nebraska | 22(3.9) |
| Region 8 | Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Utah, Wyoming | 5(0.9) |
| Region 9 | Arizona, California, Hawaii, Nevada | 25(4.5) |
| Region 10 | Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, Washington | 8(1.4) |
| Community Characteristics |
All U.S. Counties 1989 (N=3225) |
“Common Local Areas” in Sample (N=558) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | 1990 Mean ± SD |
2000 Mean ± SD |
2000-1990 Change Mean ± SD |
|
| Rate of unemployment (age 16+) | 5.9 ± 3.0 | 6.0 ± 2.2 | 4.6 ± 2.2 | −1.4 ± 1.7 |
| % of families with incomes less than the 1989 (and 1999) median family income | 58.9 ± 12.6 | 52.6 ± 13.9 | 50.3 ± 12.7 | −2.3 ± 3.5 |
| % of households receiving public assistance | 8.5 ± 4.5 | 9.1 ± 4.7 | 3.5 ± 1.7 | −5.7 ± 3.6 |
| % foreign born | 2.3 ± 3.6 | 3.4 ± 4.5 | 5.6 ± 6.4 | 2.09 ± 2.3 |
| % Black | 8.6 ± 14.3 | 18.3 ± 15.6 | 19.0 ± 15.7 | 0.73 ± 4.2 |
| % persons age +25 with high school diploma or more | 69.6 ± 10.4 | 69.1 ± 12.1 | 77.0 ± 8.3 | 7.92 ± 7.1 |
| # of MDs per 100,000α | 52.7 ± 218.6 | 56.0 ± 30.1 | 70.8 ± 39.9 | 14.8 ± 24.6 |
| # of Nurses per 100,000β | 584.5 ± 1952.9 | 667.6 ± 280.2 | 557. 1 ± 525.3 | −110.9 ± 602.9 |
| LHD Agency Characteristics |
1993 | 2005 | 2005-1993 Change | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | Mean ± SD |
N (%) | Mean ± SD |
N (%) | Mean ± SD |
||
| Governed by a Board of Health | 403(72.2) | 393(70.4) | −10(−2.5) | ||||
| Profession of LHD Lead Executive | RN &/or BSN | 93(16.7) | 125(22.4) | 32(34.4) | |||
| Physician | 261(46.8) | 162(29.0) | −99(37.9) | ||||
| Non-clinician | 206(36.9) | 273(48.9) | 67(32.5) | ||||
| # staff FTEs | 134.0 ± 280.2 | 153.9 ± 384.3 | 19.9 ± 475.6 | ||||
α
Medical Doctors (MD) represents general and medical specialty physicians per 100,000 population
β
Nurses represents Registered Nurses physicians per 100,000 population