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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 5.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Photonics. 2015 Oct 19;9(12):813–816. doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2015.196

Figure 1. All-optical system for control of wave dynamics in biological media.

Figure 1

a, Experimental set-up, including an actuation light source (LS1: 10WLED, 460 nm), a total-internal-reflection prism (TIR) and a computer-controlled digital micromirror device (DMD). Generated light patterns are projected via lenses and a dichroic mirror (DM, 510 nm) to the biological sample. A second light source (LS2: white LED, bandpass filtered at 580 ± 20 nm) provides oblique trans-illumination for dye-free imaging onto a scientific complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (sCMOS) camera through an objective lens (×1, 0.25 NA) and a long-pass emission filter (F, >580 nm). b, Example of minimally filtered images in response to optical line stimulation in cardiac monolayers. c,d, Intensity (I) versus time (t) trace from a single pixel (c) and activation maps (d) showing ongoing spontaneous activity (a spiral) pre-stimulus, terminated by a strong global optical stimulation (P1) and followed by periodic optical stimulation (P2) by a line stimulus. For b–d, see also Supplementary Movies 1 and 2.