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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 Apr 5.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Photonics. 2015 Oct 19;9(12):813–816. doi: 10.1038/nphoton.2015.196

Figure 2. Optical control of cardiac wave direction.

Figure 2

a, Sample and applied light stimulus S, inducing bidirectional propagation. b–d, Schematic representation (b) of the applied light protocol in space and time (x–t) with pre-conditioning stimuli p1 and blocking stimuli bL and bR to set tissue refractoriness before stimulus S, resulting in a right-side (c) or a left-side (d) unidirectional block. Here p1 is 350 ms, bR and bL are 50 ms and S is 10 ms. Irradiance levels are high (1,200 W m−2) and medium (700 W m−2). Activation maps show isochrones at 100 ms spacing.