Table 2.
Clinical Characteristics Stratified by Gestational Diabetes Occurence
Overview of relevant pregnancy characteristics.
| Clinical Characteristics | Total | GDM | No GDM | GDM including Diabetes Mellitus Type II | Diabetes Mellitus Type II (no GDM) | GDM versus No GDM | GDM including Diabetes Mellitus Type II versus No GDM |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Median (IQR) or % | Median (IQR) or % | Median (IQR) or % | Median (IQR) or % | Median (IQR) or % | Qui-Square or Kruskal- Wallis/Mann- Whitney-U Test | Qui-Square or Kruskal- Wallis/Mann- Whitney-U Test | |
| Number | 8912 | 1152 | 7442 | 1308 | 162 | 8594 | 8750 |
| Weight gain (lbs) | 23 (13–33) | 18.0 (9–27) | 24 (15–33) | 16 (9–26) | 19 (11–30) | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Weight gain category# | |||||||
| Insufficient | 28.5% | 37.7% | 26.8% | 37.9% | 28.8% | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Goal | 24.9% | 25.0% | 24.8% | 25.1% | 28.8% | ||
| Excessive | 46.6% | 37.3% | 48.8% | 37.0% | 42.4% | ||
| Macrosomia | 7.3% | 9.6% | 6.7% | 9.8% | 17.5% | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Birthweight (g) | 3295 (2977–3615) | 3325 (2995–3640) | 3294 (2972–3615) | 3330 (2995–3646) | 3252 (2902–3771) | p=0.080 | p=0.065 |
| IUGR | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.7% | 0.6% | 0.6% | p = 0.869 | p = 0.615 |
| Gestational Age | 39 (38–40) | 38.9 (37.6–39.3) | 39.1 (38.1–40.1) | 38.9 (37.5–39.1) | 38.3 (37.0–39.0) | p<0.001 | p<0.001 |
| Preterm Birth | 10.3% | 13.4% | 9.3% | 14.2% | 21.6% | p<0.001 | p<0.001 |
| Delivery Route | |||||||
| Spontaneous Vaginal | 72.3% | 71.9% | 72.4% | 72.5% | 65.4% | p = 0.201 | p = 0.203 |
| Operative Vaginal | 1.2% | 1.8% | 1.1% | 1.8% | 2.5% | ||
| Cesarean Delivery | 26.3% | 26.2% | 26.3% | 25.7% | 32.1% | ||
| Chorioamnionitis | 0.2% | 0.3% | 0.2% | 0.4% | 0% | p = 0.173 | p = 0.094 |
| Poorly Controlled Diabetes* | 1.8% | 9.0% | 0.2% | 9.6% | 11.1% | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Prior GDMA1 | 2.8% | 12.6% | 1.3% | 11.2% | 3.1% | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
| Prior GDMA2 | 3.8% | 19.5% | 1.3% | 17.8% | 5.6% | p < 0.001 | p < 0.001 |
IUGR: intrauterine growth restriction, GDMA: gestational diabetes mellitus, *Definition: >50% of blood glucose levels persistently elevated (across multiple visits), # weight gain category as calculated based on the formula from (23).