Table 3. Linear regression analyses for associations between clinical variables and the intimal thickening (%IA) of systemic arteries in the overall population.

Dependent variable:% Intimal area	Univariateβ coefficient [95% CI]	p-value	Multivariateβ coefficient [95% CI]	p-value
Male gender	-6.33 [11.20- -1.46]	0.013	-6.64 [-11.14- -2.14]	0.005
Age	0.061 [-0.14–0.26]	0.543
BMI	0.15 [-0.35–0.64]	0.541
Pack-years	-0.03 [-0.21–0.16]	0.758
Emphysema	0.173 [-6.85–7.20]	0.960
Systemic hypertension	-1.31 [-5.82–3.20]	0.555
Diabetes Mellitus	0.86 [-6.13–7.84]	0.801
Metabolic syndrome	5.78 [1.84–9.73]	0.006	5.52 [2.21–8.82]	0.002
Lipid lowering	1.48 [-4.03–6.98]	0.585
ACEIs/ARBs	-0.20 [-8.65–8.25]	0.961
cHDL	-3.59 [-7.79–0.60]	0.091	-3.32 [-7.10–0.45]	0.083
cLDL	0.62 [-1.81–3.14]	0.618
Triglycerides	-1.24 [-4.71–2.24]	0.471
Leukocytes	-0.89 [-1.94–0.16]	0.095	-0.64 [-1.55–0.27]	0.164
COPD	4.78 [0.53–9.03]	0.029	4.96 [1.43–8.48]	0.007

BMI: body mass index, ACEIs/ARBs: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers, cHDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, cLDL: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol.