. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2016 May 18.

Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Res. 2015 Nov 16;79(3):453–459. doi: 10.1038/pr.2015.238

Table 3. Clinical characteristics by IVH status.

	IVH (n=15)	No IVH (n=39)	P-value
Gestational age, mean ± SD, weeks^a	25.1 (1.4)	25.6 (1.4)	0.288
Birth weight, mean ± SD, grams^a	876.7 (228.5)	823.2 (197.5)	0.475
Male sex, n (%)^b	11 (73)	25 (64)	0.748
African-American race, n (%)^b	8 (53)	18 (46)	0.764
SGA, n (%)^b	1 (7)	4 (10)	1.00
Antenatal steroids, n (%)^b	9 (60)	33 (85)	0.071
Antenatal MgSO4, n (%)^b	6 (40)	22 (56)	0.366
Chorioamnionitis^c, n (%)^b	6 (40)	12 (31)	0.536
Adequate prenatal care^d, n (%)	10 (67)	30 (77)	0.498
Vaginal delivery, n (%)	9 (60)	13 (33)	0.121
Delayed cord clamping, n (%)^b	3 (20)	4 (10)	0.382
Mech. ventilation at 72 hours, n (%)^b	13 (87)	24 (62)	0.105
Dopamine exposure, n (%)^b	5 (33)	10 (26)	0.735
Fentanyl exposure, n (%)^b	8 (53)	10 (25)	0.105
Died in the neonatal period, n (%)^b	0 (0)	4 (10)	0.567

denotes significance at p ≤ 0.05. Comparison made using

Mann-Whitney U test or

Fisher's Exact Test (two-sided).

Based on histologic examination of the placenta.

Defined as receiving at least 75% of expected visits at time of birth (27,28).