Table 3.

Examples of Medical Conditions, Medications, and Other Items that Can Influence Sex Hormone Levels and the Menstrual Cycle

Medical Conditions	Medications and Other Items
Pregnancy	Contraceptives
Breastfeeding	Hormone treatments
Amenorrhea	St. John’s wort
Ovarian hypofunction	Phenobarbital
Rapid weight loss or low body fat	Carbamazepine
Klinefelter syndrome, Turner syndrome	Rifampicin
Adrenal disorders	Erythromycin, clarithromycin
Alcoholism	Ketoconazole, itraconazole
Hemochromatosis	Ritonavir
Sickle cell disease	Grapefruit juice
Depression	Clomiphene
	Naloxone
	Digoxin