Table 6.

Regression results predicting changes in depression disorders, major depression and dysthymia, at 3-year follow-up by nativity, racial-ethnic origin, and substantive factors, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related correlates

	Major Depression		Dysthymiaa
	Acquiredb Model 1	Persistingc Model 2	Acquiredb
Nativity by racial-ethnic origin
African US-born	0.619***	0.569***
	[0.554,0.691]	[0.460,0.704]
African foreign-born	1.182	6.971**
	[0.919,1.522]	[2.052,23.677]
Asian US-born	1.349***	0.982
	[1.158,1.571]	[0.530,1.820]
Asian foreign-born	0.643***	2.434*
	[0.501,0.824]	[1.053,5.629]
European US-born (referent)
European foreign-born	1.219	0.8
	[0.971,1.531]	[0.392,1.636]
Mexican US-born	0.852**	0.379***
	[0.756,0.960]	[0.246,0.583]
Mexican foreign-born	1.366***	6.725***
	[1.187,1.573]	[3.653,12.383]
Puerto Rican born in US states	0.597***	0.779
	[0.532,0.671]	[0.530,1.145]
Puerto Rican born in Puerto Rico	4.383***	3.954***
	[3.878,4.953]	[2.292,6.822]
Other Hispanic/Latino US-born	1.525***	0.966
	[1.294,1.798]	[0.688,1.357]
Other Hispanic/Latino foreign- born	1.065	0.559
	[0.889,1.275]	[0.253,1.233]
Nativity
US-born (referent) Foreign-born	1.892***
			[1.531,2.339]
Substantive factors
Acculturation
English language preference	0.938**	1.038	0.715***
	[0.901,0.977]	[0.742,1.450]	[0.620,0.825]
Years in US	1.018***	1.034	1.039***
	[1.014,1.022]	[0.978,1.094]	[1.023,1.056]
Preference for other racial-ethnic groups socially	0.981	1.139*	1.067
	[0.946,1.017]	[1.015,1.278]	[0.951,1.197]
Race-ethnic orientation	1.120***	1.050	0.900
	[1.086,1.156]	[0.969,1.138]	[0.769,1.052]
Stress
Stressful life events	1.217***	1.077***	1.045
	[1.192,1.242]	[1.038,1.117]	[0.998,1.094]
Social stress -- personal life	1.457***	1.388***	1.466***
	[1.406,1 .509]	[1.256,1 .533]	[1.256,1 .711]
Social stress -- control	2.229***	1.574***	1.702***
	[2.165,2.295]	[1.459,1.698]	[1.585,1.827]
Perceived racial-ethnic discrimination -- health care	0.926***	0.819***	1.121**
	[0.898,0.955]	[0.772,0.870]	[1.040,1.208]
Perceived racial-ethnic discrimination -- other	1.009	1.085*	0.983
	[0.971,1.049]	[1.006,1.171]	[0.925,1.045]
Social integration
Social network -- close ties	0.989***	0.971***	0.959**
	[0.984,0.995]	[0.959,0.983]	[0.933,0.986]
Social network -- instrumental ties	0.998	1.002	1.001
	[0.996,1.001]	[0.997,1.008]	[0.994,1.008]
Social support	0.943**	0.964	0.899***
	[0.907,0.981]	[0.882,1.054]	[0.854,0.945]

Odds ratios [95% confidence intervals]

^aNot enough cases to examine changes in dysthymia by racial-ethnic origin or to model persisting dysthymia

^bCondition present in Wave 2 but not in Wave 1

^cCondition present in Wave 1 and Wave 2

^*P < 0.05

^**P < 0.01

^***P < 0.001 (two-tailed test)