Table 1.
Overview of studies comparing complication rates between patients in whom hepaticoenteric arteries were embolized or not
| Author | Artery | Indication for embolization | n | Embolized n (%) | Imaging post treatment | Complications | Not embolized n (%)b | Imaging post treatment | Complications | Risk difference (95 % CI)e |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daghir [13] | GDA | Antegrade flow in GDA and injection position close to GDA. Other arteries, including the RGA, were also embolized | 82 | 71 (87)c | NR | 2 (3 %) duodenal ulceration 1 (1 %) prepyloric ulceration and bleeding |
11 (13) | NR | 0 | +3 % (−29 to 11) +1 % (−31 to 9 %) |
| Cosin [12] | RGA | If visible on angiography and in or close to vascular territory or uptake of 99mTc-MAA | 27 | 9 (33) | NR | 0 | 18 (67) | NR | 0 | 0 % (−22 to 37 %) |
| Hamouia [11] | RGA or GDA | Injection proximal to GDA or RGA | 134 | 42 (31) | NR | NR | 92 (69) | NR | 2 (1 %) gastrointestinal ulcersd | NA |
| Theysohn [14] | Cystic artery | Increased 99mTc-MAA accumulation in the gallbladder wall | 295 | 20 (10) | NR | 1 (5 %) clinical signs of cholecystitisd | 275 (93) | NR | 0 | +5 % (0 to 46 %) |
| Powerski [15] | Cystic artery | If it could be entered swiftly with the wire/catheter | 105 | 68 (65) | 3.3 % uptake in gallbladder wall | 22 % pain in upper right quadrant 2 (3 %) cholecystitis |
37 (35) | 8.8 % uptake in gallbladder wall | 10 % pain in upper right quadrant 1 (3 %) cholecystitis |
+12 % (NA) 0 % (−13 to 9 %) |
| Ahmadzadehfar [18] | Falciform artery | NR | 17 | 1 (6) | 0 | NR | 16 (94) | 9 (56 %) uptake in abdominal wall | 1 (6 %) abdominal muscle pain | NA |
| Schelhorn [16] | Falciform artery | If technically possible | 11 | 5 (45) | NR | 0 | 6 (55) | NR | 0 | 0 % (−48 to 54 %) |
| Paprottka [17] | NR | If catheter could not be placed distally with sufficient safety margin (even if no 99mTc-MAA uptake was present) | 566 | 240 (42) | NR | 31 (13 %) CTCAE ≥3 within 7 days 3 (1 %) CTCAE ≥3 within 6 months |
326 (58) | NR | 14 (4 %) CTCAE ≥ 3 within 7 days 3 (1 %) CTCAE ≥ 3 within 6 months |
+9 % (4 to 14 %) 0 % (−2 to 3 %) |
CI confidence interval, RGA right gastric artery, GDA gastroduodenal artery, NR not reported, NA not applicable
aLetter to the editor
bRelates to the specific artery, others arteries may be embolized
cNot only GDA was embolized, also RGA, cystic and hepatic arteries
dHealed after conservative therapy
eRisk difference was calculated for the incidence of complications in the embolized group compared to the non-embolized group, i.e. a positive risk difference indicates more complications occurred in the embolized group and vice versa (Wilson procedure with continuity correction)