Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients divided by BMI, LMI, and BF tertiles
| BMI strata | LMI strata | BF strata | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P value | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P value | Tertile 1 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | P value | |
| N | 546 | 539 | 538 | 541 | 542 | 540 | 541 | 541 | 541 | |||
| Age, year (IQR) | 69 (60–74) | 66 (58–72) | 65 (56–72) | <0.001 | 71 (64–85) | 66 (59–72) | 61 (58–68) | <0.001 | 62 (55–70) | 67 (59–73) | 69 (62–74) | <0.001 |
| Female, n (%) | 121 (22.2) | 123 (22.8) | 119 (22.1) | 0.96 | 121 (22.4) | 122 (22.5) | 120 (22.2) | 1.00 | 121 (22.4) | 121 (22.4) | 121 (22.4) | 1.00 |
| Diagnosis, n (%) | 0.112 | 0.232 | 0.079 | |||||||||
| AMI | 242 (44.3) | 219 (40.6) | 205 (38.1) | 238 (44.0) | 215 (39.7) | 213 (39.4) | 243 (44.9) | 213 (39.4) | 210 (38.8) | |||
| UA | 304 (55.7) | 320 (59.4) | 333 (61.9) | 303 (56.0) | 327 (60.3) | 327 (60.6) | 298 (55.1) | 328 (60.6) | 331 (61.2) | |||
| BMI, kg/m2 (IQR) | 21.6 (20.3–22.4) | 24.1 (23.5–24.7) | 27.0 (26.0–28.4) | <0.001 | 21.6 (20.3–22.5) | 24.1 (23.4–24.8) | 26.9 (26.0–28.4) | <0.001 | 21.6 (20.3–22.8) | 24 (23.1–24.9) | 26.8 (25.7–28.4) | <0.001 |
| LMI, kg/m2 (IQR) | 16.4 (14.7–17.0) | 17.8 (17.2–18.2) | 19.0 (18.3–19.7) | <0.001 | 16.4 (14.7–17.0) | 17.9 (17.5–18.2) | 19.0 (18.6–19.7) | <0.001 | 16.6 (15.0–17.5) | 17.5 (16.4–18.3) | 18.7 (17.5–19.6) | <0.001 |
| BF, % (IQR) | 24.3 (21.3–26.2) | 26.3 (24.8–28.5) | 30.0 (28.5–34.7) | <0.001 | 24.3 (22.0–27.2) | 26.7 (24.5–29.5) | 30.0 (27.5–34.7) | <0.001 | 23.0 (21.3–24.1) | 26.1 (25.2–27.2) | 30.1 (28.6–34.8) | <0.001 |
| Heart rate, per minute (IQR) | 73 (65–82) | 73 (65–82) | 73 (65–82) | 0.627 | 75 (65–84) | 72 (65–82) | 73 (65–82) | 0.320 | 73 (65–82) | 73 (65–82) | 73 (65–82) | 0.967 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (IQR) | 127 (110–143) | 130 (115–145) | 132 (120–146) | <0.001 | 128 (110–144) | 130 (115–145) | 130 (118–145) | 0.081 | 124.5 (110–140) | 130 (116–146) | 134 (120–148) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (IQR) | 74 (66–82) | 75 (70–83) | 79 (70–88) | <0.001 | 72 (65–82) | 75 (70–82) | 80 (70–89) | <0.001 | 74 (68–84) | 75 (68–84) | 78 (70–86) | 0.017 |
| Previous MI, n (%) | 135 (24.8) | 141 (26.4) | 141 (26.6) | 0.764 | 139 (25.8) | 130 (24.1) | 148 (27.7) | 0.405 | 147 (27.2) | 131 (24.4) | 139 (26.0) | 0.574 |
| Previous PCI, n (%) | 42 (7.7) | 38 (7.1) | 42 (7.8) | 0.873 | 41 (7.6) | 42 (7.8) | 39 (7.3) | 0.951 | 36 (6.7) | 43 (8.0) | 43 (8.0) | 0.656 |
| Previous heart failure, n (%) | 26 (4.8) | 27 (5.1) | 39 (7.3) | 0.149 | 31 (5.8) | 27 (5.0) | 34 (6.3) | 0.639 | 22 (4.1) | 24 (4.5) | 46 (8.6) | 0.002 |
| Medical history | ||||||||||||
| Previous CVD, n (%) | 21 (3.9) | 15 (2.8) | 16 (3.0) | 0.571 | 24 (4.4) | 14 (2.6) | 14 (2.6) | 0.141 | 13 (2.4) | 23 (4.3) | 16 (3.0) | 0.207 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 264 (49.4) | 286 (54.0) | 320 (60.2) | 0.002 | 271 (51.0) | 307 (57.4) | 292 (55.0) | 0.110 | 232 (43.8) | 285 (53.7) | 353 (65.9) | <0.001 |
| Type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 109 (20.3) | 134 (25.1) | 131 (24.5) | 0.125 | 118 (22.1) | 140 (25.9) | 116 (21.7) | 0.199 | 103 (19.4) | 124 (23.0) | 147 (27.4) | 0.008 |
| Current smoking, n (%) | 80 (15.4) | 84 (16.5) | 81 (15.8) | 0.886 | 67 (13.1) | 85 (16.6) | 93 (18.0) | 0.084 | 98 (19.1) | 85 (16.6) | 62 (12.1) | 0.008 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 62 (12.3) | 81 (16.8) | 105 (21.6) | <0.001 | 53 (10.6) | 83 (17.2) | 112 (22.7) | <0.001 | 70 (14.1) | 76 (15.5) | 102 (21.0) | 0.01 |
| Laboratory values | ||||||||||||
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L (IQR) | 4.0 (3.4–4.7) | 4.0 (3.4–4.9) | 4.0 (3.4–4.8) | 0.509 | 3.9 (3.3–4.6) | 4.0 (3.4–4.9) | 4.0 (3.4–5.0) | 0.021 | 4.0 (3.4–4.8) | 4.0 (3.4–4.8) | 4.0 (3.4–4.8) | 0.917 |
| eGFR, ml/min (IQR) | 76.4 (60.8–90.5) | 78.2 (62.5–91.8) | 77.8 (61.7–91.2) | 0.627 | 72.9 (56.9–86.7) | 78.3 (63.6–92.3) | 80.7 (64.5–94.1) | <0.001 | 82.8 (68.5–96.0) | 77.3 (61.7–90.6) | 73.2 (57.3–85.9) | <0.001 |
| LVEF, % (IQR) | 61 (51–68) | 62 (51–67) | 64 (53–69) | 0.017 | 61 (50–68) | 62 (52–68) | 64 (53–68) | 0.179 | 61 (51–67) | 63 (51–68) | 64 (54–68) | 0.014 |
| LVEDV, ml (IQR) | 101 (83–120) | 104 (89–127) | 109 (93–129) | <0.001 | 103 (83–123) | 103 (90–124) | 108 (92–129) | 0.002 | 102 (83–124) | 103 (88–124) | 108 (93–128) | 0.005 |
| Troponin >100 upper limit of normal, n (%) | 135 (25.2) | 130 (24.7) | 115 (22.0) | 0.409 | 139 (26.2) | 120 (22.7) | 121 (23.0) | 0.324 | 136 (25.7) | 129 (34.3) | 115 (21.9) | 0.341 |
| Clinical severity of ACS | ||||||||||||
| Killip >1, n (%) | 101 (18.5) | 104 (19.3 | 85 (15.8 | 0.292 | 101 (18.7) | 105 (19.4) | 84 (15.6) | 0.219 | 101 (18.7) | 96 (17.7) | 93 (17.2) | 0.814 |
| TIMI score | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||||||
| Low risk, n (%) | 41 (7.5) | 98 (18.2) | 168 (31.2) | 24 (4.4) | 80 (14.8) | 203 (37.6) | 79 (14.6) | 105 (19.4) | 123 (22.7) | |||
| Medium risk, n (%) | 189 (34.6) | 204 (37.9) | 198 (36.8) | 161 (29.8) | 222 (41.0) | 208 (38.5) | 229 (42.3) | 171 (31.6) | 191 (35.3) | |||
| High risk, n (%) | 316 (57.9) | 237 (44.0) | 172 (32.0) | 356 (65.8) | 240 (44.3) | 129 (23.9) | 233 (43.1) | 265 (49.0) | 227 (42.0) | |||
| Angiographic and interventional data | ||||||||||||
| Three vessel disease, n (%) | 174 (33.4) | 147 (28.7) | 157 (30.5) | 0.258 | 179 (34.8) | 157 (30.1) | 142 (27.7) | 0.043 | 158 (30.8) | 148 (28.6) | 172 (33.2) | 0.280 |
| Left main disease, n (%) | 65 (12.5) | 55 (10.7) | 59 (11.5) | 0.681 | 68 (13.2) | 55 (10.5) | 56 (10.9) | 0.345 | 53 (10.3) | 59 (11.4) | 67 (12.9) | 0.422 |
| One or two vessel disease, n (%) | 313 (60.1) | 337 (65.8) | 327 (63.5) | 0.157 | 300 (58.4) | 342 (65.5) | 335 (65.4) | 0.024 | 330 (64.3) | 332 (64.2) | 315 (60.8) | 0.412 |
| No. of stents implanted (SD) | 1.9 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.1) | 0.912 | 1.9 (1.2) | 1.9 (1.1) | 1.8 (1.1) | 0.221 | 1.8 (1.1) | 1.8 (1.1) | 1.9 (1.1) | 0.162 |
| Medications at discharge, n (%) | ||||||||||||
| Aspirin | 503 (92.6) | 505 (95.1) | 500 (93.1) | 0.203 | 495 (92.2) | 512 (95.3) | 501 (93.3) | 0.099 | 502 (93.5) | 505 (94.2) | 501 (93.1) | 0.747 |
| Clopidogrel | 497 (91.5) | 500 (94.2) | 497 (92.6) | 0.246 | 490 (91.3) | 506 (94.2) | 498 (92.7) | 0.170 | 502 (93.5) | 498 (92.9) | 494 (91.8) | 0.567 |
| Statin | 490 (90.2) | 487 (91.9) | 491 (91.4) | 0.613 | 484 (90.1) | 494 (92.2) | 489 (91.2) | 0.500 | 491 (91.4) | 487 (91.0) | 490 (91.1) | 0.968 |
| ACEI/ARB | 303 (55.9) | 302 (57.0) | 319 (59.5) | 0.469 | 306 (57.1) | 317 (59.3) | 301 (56.1) | 0.557 | 287 (53.5) | 313 (58.4) | 324 (60.5) | 0.064 |
| Beta-blocker | 334 (61.6) | 336 (63.3) | 378 (70.5) | 0.005 | 325 (60.6) | 348 (64.9) | 375 (69.8) | 0.007 | 334 (62.3) | 341 (63.6) | 373 (69.5) | 0.033 |
| CCB | 112 (20.7) | 137 (25.9) | 170 (31.7) | <0.001 | 117 (21.9) | 146 (27.3) | 156 (29.1) | 0.020 | 102 (19.1) | 137 (25.7) | 180 (33.5) | <0.001 |
| Nitrate | 228 (42.1) | 234 (44.2) | 250 (46.6) | 0.319 | 238 (44.4) | 235 (43.9) | 239 (44.6) | 0.975 | 203 (37.9) | 252 (47.2) | 257 (47.9) | 0.001 |
ACEI angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; ACS acute coronary syndrome; AMI acute myocardial infarction; ARB angiotensin receptor bloker; BF body fat; BMI body mass index; CCB Calcium channel blockers; eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate; IQR interquartile; LMI lean mass index; LVEF left ventricular ejection fraction; LVEDV left ventricular end-diastolic volume; MI myocardial infarction; TIMI thrombolysis in myocardial infarction; UA unstable angina